Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were synthesized at varying pH (8 to 12) then subsequently coated with citric acid by co-precipitation as potential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. The X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed that the structure of the as-synthesized powders is pure nanocrystalline magnetite Fe3O4 phase. FTIR analysis of citric acid-coated IONPs indicated the presence of peaks at 1357.70 and 1533.97 cm− 1, thus confirming the binding of citric acid on the surface of magnetite nanoparticles. Zeta potential measurements indicated that the citric acid-coated IONPs presents much-improved stability compared to bare IONPs; the Zeta potential absolute value is almost three times higher. Finally, citric acid-coated IONPs as a contrast agent for MRI clearly demonstrates their excellent ability to shorten T2 and T1 relaxation times by more than 94.7% and 67.9%, respectively. These results reveal that the citric acid-coated IONPs are excellent candidates for potential biomedical application primarily as MRI contrast agents.
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