Harmful algal blooms (HABs) cause various problems, such as water quality degradation, fauna mass mortality and impairment of human health. Water quality monitoring in Lampung Bay has been conducted by Lampung Marine Aquaculture Office (BBL) of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries since 1994. Occurrence of Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum (Pbc), a causative organism of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), has been recorded but threats caused by HABs have never been reported. A study aimed to know the level of public knowledge and awareness about HABs in Lampung Bay has been conducted. The components of group respondents consisted oflocal governments, academics and coastal communities. Awareness from each component was examined includinggeneral HAB knowledge, HAB impact to the community, HAB occurence and local knowledge of HAB. Data of HAB knowledge were collected through questionnaire and focus group discussion. The result showed that 40.5% of respondents had knowledge of HABs phenomena and 51.3% respondents only know signs or indicators of HAB occurrence, while only 1.4% respondents had knowledge of local HAB occurences. The direct impact of HABs to the community was not commonly known by the respondents. Only a few cases of poisoning after eating seafood were reported. It can be concluded that there was lack of public knowledge and awareness on HABs in LampungBay. Intensive public awareness programs about HABs should be conducted in order to reduce risk towards HABs in Lampung Bay.
<strong>Effects of Nutrients Concentration on Phytoplankton Abundance in The Halmahera-Molucca Sea.</strong> The availability of nutrients in the ocean is essential for the growth and accumulation of phytoplankton biomass. The input nutrients can then changes its ratio which may affect the species composition of phytoplankton communities and higher trophic level biotas. The effects of nutrients on phytoplankton abundance are very important to be studied due to its role as limiting factors for phytoplankton growth. Besides that, these two variables are most important factors in measuring aquatic productivity. This study aims to analyzed composition and abundance of phytoplankton and its relationship with dissolved inorganic nutrients in the Halmahera-Molucca Sea. This research was conducted in November 2015 covering 8 sampling station within the Halmahera-Molucca Sea. Water quality parameters, such as pH was measured using potentiometic method, dissolved oxygen (DO was measured using titrimetric method), and nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate and silicate, were measured using the colorimetric method. The water samples were taken using Rosette sampler and then filtered using hand net plankton with size 20 μm to obtain the phytoplankton. Plankton composition and abundance were then determined by microscopic analysis. The result showed that ammonium positively correlated with phytoplankton abundance (r=0.9133 at p<0.01). The correlation between nutrients and phytoplankton show that each genus has a preference for different nutrients. The presence of ammonium significantly increase the phytoplankton abundance from genus <em>Chaetoceros, Nitzchia, Climacodium, Ceratium, Eucampia, Lauderia, Protoperidinium</em>, and <em>Rhizosolenia</em>. On the other hand, phosphates increase the phytoplankton abundance from genus Coscinodiscus although not significantly. Besides, silicates increase the phytoplankton abundance from genus <em>Thalassiothrix, Bacteriastrum, Skletonema</em>, and <em>Hemiaulus</em> while nitrates increase the phytoplankton abundance from genus <em>Alexandrium</em>.
During the Indonesia LIPI COREMAP CTI oceanographic survey of RV. Baruna Jaya VIII, at the end of 2018 to the outermost small Islands of the north-eastern part of Indonesia, the mesozooplanktonic community were studied for their structure and distribution along the epipelagic zone of the waters influenced by the movement of the southwest Pacific Oceans water masses. This study aimed at exploring the oceanographic condition of the trophic level of the water’s masses during the end of the dry season in Indonesia. A total of 42 taxonomic groups of mesozooplankton were identified, including general fish larvae and eggs. Calanoida and cyclopoid Copepoda dominated (up to 69%) the structure of all survey points. The composition slightly varied across the survey sites, with the abundance of all groups ranged from 24 to 167 ind. per m3. While the main current follows a pattern of the southwest Pacific Ocean, the planktonic community might highlight the condition of the Ocean.
The western waters of North-Sumatera experience dynamic environmental changes during the onset monsoon of the Asian winter. Those changes certainly will affect the distribution of marine organisms, especially the plankton. Plankton is the foundation of the aquatic food chain and plays an important role as the entry gate of solar energy to the water trophic systems. This study aims to investigate the plankton community and its correlation with the environmental factors during the onset monsoon of the Asian winter. Plankton samples were collected, along with water samples and in-situ measurement for environmental parameters determination from western waters of North-Sumatera (95°E – 93°N) in November-December 2017. Plankton samples were taken by vertically hauling (500 m) using Modified Twin Plankton Net with 80 µm mesh size for phytoplankton and 300 µm for zooplankton. Temperature, salinity, and density of waters were measured using CTD SBE 911 – Plus. The nutrients, including orthophosphate, nitrate, and silicate, measured using autoanalyzer Skalar SAN++. Thirty genera of phytoplankton and 44 taxa groups of zooplankton were found. The phytoplankton community dominated by Thallassionema, while the zooplankton dominated by Calanoida. There was a difference in the composition of plankton communities between the north and south parts of the study area. It was probably influenced by different water masses between those two regions indicated by the dissimilarity of their water characteristics. Based on the analysis of the T-S diagram, it is likely that the north community influenced by Bengal Bay Water while the south community influenced by the Indian Equatorial Water.
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