The progress of science and technology in some countries in the 21st century is rapidly increasing. Measurement of scientific literacy is very important to know the extent to which students are literate. As an effort to improve the quality of education in Indonesia. The preparation of test instruments based on scientific literacy is one of the efforts to measure students' literacy skills in the field of science. The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable scientific literacy assessment instrument to measure the scientific literacy ability of sixth grade elementary school students. The research method used in this study is the research and development method or often referred to as 4D (Define, Design, Development, Desimination). The final product in this development research is the Scientific Literacy Assessment Instrument to measure scientific literacy skills that have been declared valid and feasible by experts in the form of 20 items. The results of the validity of the test instrument by the material judgment expert got an average percentage of 93%, the scientific literacy aspect got an average percentage of 93%, the construction aspect got an average percentage of 99%, and the grammatical aspect got an average percentage of 95%. The results of student responses related to the practicality of the test instrument were in the very practical category and were very in line with the 95% average and the teacher's response was 93%. The results of the empirical test, it can be obtained that 18 questions are valid and 2 questions are in the drop category. The result of the reliability coefficient is 0.499. The effectiveness of the test instrument is in the effective and very appropriate category, thus it can reveal or rank students' scientific literacy skills into 3 criteria, namely high, medium, and low. The test instrument developed can be used to measure the scientific literacy ability of grade VI elementary school level.
Learning modality is the sensory sensitivity of the individual when receiving, storing, and conveying information. Each individual has a personal character and varied sex that influences the type of learning modality. Learning modality consists of four types of visual, auditorial, read-write and kinesthetic (VARK). To measure students’ learning modalities preference was used VARK Questionnaire 7.1 which contained 16 standard questions through paper media. Paper media is less efficient and effective both in the dissemination and analysis of questionnaires results based on study program and sex, because it made the application of determinants of student-based learning modalities modality using Research and Development (R&D) method with PHP programming language and MySQL database, this application features a percentage analysis of students’ learning modalities preference based on study program and sex. This application aims to facilitate the students to know the analysis of modal preference results in accordance with the rules of the limit of the difference of points specified and can display the percentage of overall learning modalities based on sex in accordance with the study program. Based on the results of application acceptance test by students of Faculty of Communication and Informatics Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta known as many as 87% of respondents agreed that the application determinants of learning modalities preference can present information and determine the preferences of learning modalities, easy to use and looks interesting.
Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri (SMP N) 2 Kalimanah is a secondary school located in the Kalimanah area, Purbalingga, Central Java. Based on observations and interviews that have been conducted, there are problems at the school, namely regarding the promotion and dissemination of information outside the school which is still lacking because at this time it is only focused on posters and wall magazines. The solution that can be given at SMP N 2 Kalimanah is to create a school information website that specifically displays information for SMP N 2 Kalimanah. With the website, the school can connect more easily with parties outside the school because the website can be accessed by everyone anywhere and anytime as long as it is connected to an internet connection. The service activities are divided into several stages, namely need assessment, application implementation, presentation and website training to teachers, as well as simulation and testing. The result of this activity is a school information website at SMP N 2 Kalimanah that can display news, photos, and activities in the school environment to the wider community. In addition, based on the tests that have been carried out, 95% of respondents stated that the school information website had succeeded in solving the problems of promotion and news delivery at SMP N 2 Kalimanah.
When human get an older, there more likely to experience physical, mental, spiritual, economic and social problems. One of the most basic problems in the elderly is the health problems caused by the degenerative process. The process of degeneration in the elderly causes an effective sleep time decreases, and causes not achieving adequate sleep quality and cause the sharing of sleep complaints that can disrupt the quality of life of the elderly This study aims to determine the relationship quality of sleep with quality of life in elderly in Surakarta. This research is descriptive correlative research with cross sectional approach. The study population was 334 elderly people in Surakarta. The sample of 96 elderly was obtained by proportional random sampling technique. Data collection used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and the WHOQL-BREF (World Health Organization of Life-BREF) questionnaire, while the data analysis used Chi Square test. Chi Square test results p-value of 0.002 so that Hypothetis null was rejected. The conclusion of the study where the level of quality of elderly sleep mostly good, the quality of life of the elderly mostly less and there where correlation level of quality of sleep with quality of life of elderly in Surakarta where better quality of sleep quality of life of elderly higher.
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