The major components of hemolymph were examined by 1 H-NMR in seven species of aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis gossypii, Aphis sambuci, Lachnus tropicalis, Megoura crassicauda, Myzus persicae and Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum. Trehalose was detected as the main component from these aphids, and its concentrations in these insects were much higher (196 mM in L. tropicalis to 926 mM in A. gossypii) than those of two other homopterous insects, Cryptotympana facialis (91 mM) and Nephotettix cincticeps (53 mM). Concentrations in L. tropicalis and A. gossypii were equivalent to 1.6% to 2.0% of the fresh weight. Glucose appeared to be an artifact in the hemolymph, because it was not found in the hemolymph when validoxylamine A, a trehalase inhibitor, was added.
Myo-inositol was found in the hemolymph of three species of rice planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens, Laodelphax striatellus and Sogatella furcifera, along with the major common components by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. Myo-inositol concentration was about three to five times higher than trehalose concentration. N. lugens nymphs as well as adults contained myo-inositol. Trace experiments with 13 C-NMR spectroscopy showed that myo-inositol was produced from glucose and accumulated in the hemolymph with a peak concentration appearing later than that of trehalose. The role of myo-inositol in rice planthoppers is discussed.
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