Sustainability certification schemes were introduced to the palm oil industry as a response to address the negative environmental and social impacts associated with the development of this industry. The first certification scheme for palm oil, the Roundtable of Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), was established in 2004, followed by other non-governmental initiatives to ensure the sustainable production of palm oil. Indonesia and Malaysia, the two largest palm oil producers in the world, established Indonesia Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) and Malaysia Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) in 2011 and 2015, respectively. This article aims to analyze the existing literature related to studies on the RSPO, MSPO and ISPO on the basis of articles identified from the SCOPUS (scopus.com) and Web of Science (clavirate.com) databases. Results showed that research on the RSPO has been widely conducted compared with that on MSPO and ISPO. Thus, further research on MSPO and ISPO is needed to understand the dynamics of the implementation of sustainability certification. This article also provides an insight on how sustainable certification in the palm oil industry, particularly MSPO, could contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The mandatory implementation of Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) requires the participation of all oil palm producers including the smallholders. The implementation of MSPO serves as one of the avenues to address the sustainability issues related to the development of the palm oil industry. The purpose of this study is to examine factors that influence the smallholders' behaviour in complying with the mandatory MSPO implementation. A questionnaire was employed to measure the smallholders' behaviours. The respondents were 404 oil palm independent smallholders in the state of Johor Darul Takzim. Correlation analysis was performed to test the relationship between variables. Using Theory of Planned Behaviour as the basic theory for the study, the findings revealed that attitude, subjective norms, perceived control behaviour and intention have a significant and positive relationship with MSPO compliance behaviour. Based on the study, there is a need to improve the smallholders' attitude and perceived behavioural control to sustain smallholders' behaviours to comply with the MSPO requirements.
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