A new Pd(II)-N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) complex 2 was derived from a binuclear Ag(I)-NHC complex 1. 1 H NMR spectra of complexes showed uniquely different characteristic behaviour of bridging methylene protons than compared to ligand. X-ray crystallography showed that palladium at the center of bis-NHC units in 2 was found in square planer geometry.Ligand and complexes were tested against breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Ligand did not show Downloaded by [University of California Santa Barbara] at 09:49 15 June 2016 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 considerable antiproliferative activity (IC 50 181.0 ± 3.0 µM) whereas complexes showed significant activity (1, 0.5 ± 0.1 μM and 2, 2.5 ± 0.2 μM) compared to the standard drug, Tamoxifen (2.4 ± 0.2 μM).
This work presents an in-depth kinetic thermal degradation comparison between traditional monocationic and the newly developed dicationic ionic liquid (IL), both coupled with a bromide (Br−) anion by using non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis. Thermal analyses of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide [C4MPyr][Br] and 1,4-bis(1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)butane dibromide [BisC4MPyr][Br2] were conducted at a temperature range of 50–650 °C and subjected to various heating rates, which are 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 °C/min. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that dicationic IL, [BisC4MPyr][Br2] is less thermally stable compared to monocationic [C4MPyr][Br]. A detailed analysis of kinetic parameters, which are the activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (log A), was calculated by using Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Starink. This study revealed that the average Ea and log A of [BisC4MPyr][Br2] are lower than [C4MPyr][Br], which may be contributed to by its low thermal stability. Conclusively, it proved that the Ea and log A of ILs are strongly related to the thermal stability of ILs.
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