Oxidative stability of three different lipid classes, namely, monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) from spinach and edible brown seaweed (Akamoku) and triacylglycerol (TAG) of linseed oil was compared. Analysis of oxygen consumption and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition demonstrated that spinach DGDG had the highest oxidative stability, followed by Akamoku DGDG, Akamoku MGDG, spinach MGDG, and linseed TAG. These results disagree with the order of oxidative stability expected from the average number of bis-allylic positions of each lipid. Additionally, DGDG constituents of both spinach and Akamoku showed higher oxidative stability than their MGDG constituents. The unusual oxidative stability of MGDG and DGDG could be conferred by the protection of bis-allylic positions of the PUFA against oxidative attack by the galactosyl moiety of the GL.
This study was conducted at horseshoe crab’s natural spawning ground in Johor Lama, Kota Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia (1°35'00"N 104°00'49"E). Six nests were excavated on 4 August 2020, four hours after the highest tide. Conditions of the spawning site were observed and recorded. Grain size analysis was conducted. Eggs hatching rate, larvae moulting rate, infection rate, and larvae abnormality rate were recorded. There are two types of reclamation observed in Johor Lama: (i) concrete wall and (ii) stack of boulders. Mangrove and muddy areas in Johor Lama are still preserved and in good condition. Sand in the horseshoe crab spawning beach in Johor Lama was coarser and poorly sorted ( : 0.09± 0.01 cm; : 1.89 ± 0.03) as compared to the one in Balok, Pahang (mid-tide mark, August 2012: : 2.38 ± 0.04 cm; : 0.86 ± 0.04). The quantity of the eggs inside each nest in Johor Lama was also in accordance with the other previous studies (first nest n: 256, second nest n: 229, third nest n: 132, fourth nest n: 123, fifth nest n: 149, sixth nest n: 134). However, the hatching rates of each sample in this population were observed to be lower than the others previously studied (31.8% – 66.1%). Two types of larvae abnormalities were reported in this study: (i) genetic impairment that changed the basic Xiphosura’s body plan and (ii) external factor that caused by the impact of the substrate or predatory action that would distort the shape of the juvenile exoskeleton. Based on the observation, the natural ecosystem in Johor Lama is still in good preservation, since it is far from urbanisation and has less deforestation. However, the future of this spawning site is still in doubt, since many ports and industrials zones are located on the opposite side of the river in Johor Bahru district that could lead to the worst water pollution.
Malaysia placed second among the top 10 of Halal Cosmetics country. Even though Malaysia is a halal hub, the awareness on halal products tends to be focusing on food products. In this millennial era, Malaysian Muslim women prefer foreign brand makeup products without halal certificate. Hence, this study attempts to identify factors influencing Malaysian Muslim Women Consumers towards choosing foreign brand makeup products and level of Halal understanding on choosing the products. It is significant because foreign brand makeup products are favoured by most of the consumers. Global brands seem to capture the developing countries consumers’ hearts because of the promised better standards of living and lifestyle. To begin with, a face -to- face interview has been conducted among 20 Malaysian Muslim Women consumer. The conversations were recorded and transcribed into a qualitative content analysis. Based on the findings, the factors influencing Malaysian Muslim Women in choosing foreign makeup products are divided into internal and external factors. Internal factors include quality, trust, loyalty, effectiveness, brand, price, safety, ingredients, confident and wide range of products while for the external factor is solely the influencer. While, the levels of halal awareness among Malaysian Muslim Women were categorized into basic, intermediate and advanced. This present work will be beneficial to the producer and manufacturer of halal market in promoting halal cosmetics to fulfil the demands especially for makeup products because Muslim consumers will purchase halal products if it is available in the market.Keywords: Halal Cosmetics, Makeup products, Malaysian Muslim Women, and Halal Beauty Industry
The global Muslim population is predicted to grow significantly. The market for Halal products, an obligation for Muslims, is expanding in sync with the Muslim population. Cancer is a notable cause of death globally. Pharmaceuticals are the most important fundamental component because they are disease-specific, most notably cancer-specific. Optional pharmaceuticals were looked into to meet Muslim demand for Halal products. Some essential oils are viable therapeutic sources because they have long been used in conventional medicine for various treatments. The purpose of this study is to review the investigation done on the potential for essential oils to be used as a Halal alternative therapy for lung cancer. This mini review follows the traditional narrative review study. According to these researches, essential oils are helpful in the treatment of malignancies, notably lung cancer. However, additional research, including clinical trials, is essential to enhance the treatment's efficacy.
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