A modified form of γ-alumina nanoparticles prepared by immobilization of 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine on γ-alumina nanoparticles coated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (DNPH-γ-alumina) for the removal of the anionic dye (Alizarin yellow R) and cationic dye (Methylene blue) from aqueous solutions has been investigated. The FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD, BET, and BJH analysis techniques indicate that the modification reaction has occurred. Batch adsorption study revealed that 0.05 g amount of the modified adsorbent was capable of removing 95.6% and 65.6% of Alizarin yellow (AY) and Methylene blue (MB) dyes, respectively, in 60 min. The experimental equilibrium data showed that Langmuir isotherm applies well for describing the adsorption behavior, and the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 47.8 mg/g and 32.8 mg/g for AY and MB on DNPH-γ-alumina, respectively. Kinetic studies showed best applicability of the second-order kinetic model. The DNPH-γ-alumina adsorbent proved capability, effectiveness, and selectivity for the removal of Alizarin yellow R dye. Therefore, it is possible to increase the efficiency of an adsorbent for the removal of pollutants by applying a modification to the surface of the adsorbent, and DNPH as a modifier proved efficient for the removal of a wider range of pollutants including metal ions and dye compounds.
It can be concluded that recurrent pregnancy loss in women at different trimester is associated with endocrine abnormalities where serum leptin and insulin levels increase in a different way compared with normal healthy pregnant women.
Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical skin disease, caused by Leishmania protozoa. In Pakistan, where CL caused by L. tropica is highly endemic, therapy with pentavalent antimonials is the standard of care, but has significant toxicity when used in systemic therapy, while are no evidence-based safer alternative treatment options for L. tropica. The efficacy of oral miltefosine has not been studied in CL caused by L. tropica. We evaluated effectiveness and tolerability of miltefosine in patients with previous treatment failure or with contraindications to systemic antimonial treatment. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of a cohort of CL patients who were treated with a 28-day course of miltefosine between December 2017 and August 2019, in urban Quetta, Pakistan, an area endemic for L. tropica. Descriptive analyses were performed, and effectiveness was assessed by initial response after treatment, and final cure at routine follow up visits, six weeks to three months post-treatment. Tolerability was assessed by routinely reported adverse events. Results Of the 76 CL patients in the cohort, 42 (55%) had contraindications to systemic antimonial treatment, and 34 (45%) had failure or relapse after antimonial treatment. Twelve patients defaulted during treatment and 12 patients were lost to follow up. In the remaining 52 patients, final cure rate was 77% (40/52). In those with contraindications to systemic antimonial treatment the final cure rate was 83% (24/29) and in the failure and relapse group 70% (16/23). Twenty-eight patients (40.0%) reported 39 mild to moderate adverse events with the main complaints being nausea (41.0%), general malaise (25.6%), and stomach pain (12.8%). Conclusion Results indicate that miltefosine is an effective second line treatment in CL in areas endemic for L. tropica. Prospective studies with systematic follow up are needed to obtain definitive evidence of effectiveness and tolerability, including identification of risk factors for miltefosine treatment failure.
Background: Reproductive failure is a significant public health concern. Although relatively little is known about factors affecting fertility, a growing body of literature suggests that environmental & lifestyle factors play an important role. Recent studies suggest that vitamin D may play a role in human reproduction. Exact mechanisms whereby vitamin D may participate in the regulation of reproductive physiology remains far from clear. Objective: To validate the potential of vitamin D as a biomarker for prediction of female infertility and to study the correlation between vitamin D and Anti-Mullerian hormone. Methods: A case-control study was conducted at Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Al-Kadhmiya, Baghdad, Iraq from June 2013 till July 2014. Seventy three subjects were enrolled in this study. Thirty five primary infertile women with mean age (25.4± 4.91 years), and thirty eight agematched apparently healthy women as controls with mean age (27.3±3.72 years). Fasting blood samples were collected in the morning at 8:00 am from all participants. Vitamin D was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography technique and Anti-Mullerian hormone was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Vitamin D levels was significantly decreased in the infertile women group compared with fertile control group (35.38±5.83 ng/ mL) versus (49.99±12.90 ng/ mL) respectively. Vitamin D correlated significantly (r = +0.86; p ≤ 0.05) with anti-mullerian hormone and anti-mullerian hormone shows a significant negative correlation with body mass index (r = -0.78; p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: A novel relationship was found between circulating Anti-Mullerian hormone and vitamin D in plasma samples of infertile women.
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