Breeding plan of cajuputi in Indonesia is aimed to increase plantation productivity of oil yield and 1.8 cineole content. Seed orchard of cajuputi at Paliyan, Gunungkidul, established using selected and genetically improved materials, has been producing seeds for operational plantation. This seed orchard would perform optimally if the mating systems of all individuals contribute to the inheritance of all genetic potential of the offsprings. Therefore, investigation of the mating systems of cajuputi was indispensible. The study has been carried out on 10 selected mother trees and the 24 offsprings of each mother trees using 8 microsatellite markers of nuclear DNA, namely Hin-2 (100-132 bp), Hin-4 (79-114 bp), Hin-5 (128-148 bp), Hin-7 (136-224 bp), Sal-1 (93-99 bp), Sal-3 (118-219 bp), Xho-1 (96-111 bp) and Xho-4 (150-216 bp), respectively. The result showed relatively high genetic variation of the offspring (H E =0.602, H O =0.594) originated from parent trees in the seed orchard. Parent trees tend to outcross (t m =0.951, t s =0.806), although seeds originated from biparental inbred (t m -t s = 0.145) and correlated paternity (rp=0.098) have also been observed. This genetically viable population could maintain its reproduction fi tness for short term and adapt to the dynamic environmental changes for long term.
Breeding for cajuput in Indonesia has moved into advanced generation breeding cycle through establishing second-generation progeny trial. A series of selection would be practiced in the trial before converting into a seedling seed orchard to produce genetically improved seed. In this study, a series of selection, followed by prediction of genetic gain will be observed in the second-generation progeny trial of cajuput established at Gunungkidul. The trial was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD), 65 families, three tree-plot, four replications, and spacing of 3 × 1,5 meter. Measurement was conducted on height and diameter at 24 months age. In the trial, within-plot selection has been practiced phenotypicaly by retaining one of the best tree out of the three tree within each plot. Succesive family selection was then simulated from the result of withinplot selection. Results of study showed that estimates of heritabily for diameter were higher than that for height. Genetic and phenotypic correlation between the two traits was moderate at around 0.57. Within-plot selection practiced in the trial resulted positive selection differential for all measured traits. Diameter showed higher coefficient weight of selection (0.4280) than height (0.0406) which indicates that the practiced within-plot selection was more imposed for diameter than that for height. Genetic gain from within-plot selection calculated using selection index were 20.76% for diameter and 12.73% for height. Simulated family selection using the same coefficient weight as within-plot selection resulted lower genetic gain at around 12.26% and 7.52% for diameter and height, respectivelly.
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