The energy transition in Germany stimulates regions and municipalities to set renewable energy share or CO2-emission reduction targets. This paper presents a conceptual approach to evaluate the chances and risks of high degrees of grid autarky which arises as a result of these targets. This concept is achieved by combining energy system modelling and socio-economic analysis, which focuses on factors of grid autarky and their synergies. In terms of the energy system analysis, emphasis is given to the integration of power flow constraints and grid extension algorithms within an optimization model. Within this paper first results of a pre-analysis of the regions are presented, which gives an insight into factors that influence the local energy transition. It was identified that support schemes, besides providing financial incentives, serve as a good basis in developing the self-supplying regions by facilitating knowledge and experience exchange
Organisations attempt to contribute their share towards fighting the climate crisis by trying to reduce their emission of greenhouse gases effectively towards net zero. An instrument to guide their reduction efforts is internal carbon pricing. Next to choosing the right pricing tool, defining the exact value of an internal carbon price, especially against the background of potential regulatory external carbon prices, and assessing its impact on business units’ energy systems poses a challenge for organisations. The academic literature has so far not examined the impact differences of an internal carbon price across different countries, which this paper addresses by using an optimisation model. First, it analyses the energy system cost increase of a real-world facility based on an internal carbon price compared to a potential regulatory carbon price within a country. Second, we evaluate the energy system cost increase based on an internal carbon price across different countries. The results show that with regard to internal carbon prices the additional total system cost compared to potential external carbon prices stays within 9%, 15%, and 59% for Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom, respectively. The increase in the energy system cost in each country varies between 3% and 93%. For all countries, the cost differences can be reduced by allowing the installation of renewables. The integration of renewables via energy storage and power-to-heat technologies depends on the renewable potentials and the availability of carbon capture and storage. If organisations do not account for these differences, it might raise the disapproval of internal carbon prices within the organisation.
Die Photovoltaik (PV)-Technologien wandeln mittels photoelektrischen Effekts solare Strahlung direkt in elektrische Energie um. Ein PV-System besteht im Allgemeinen aus den folgenden Komponenten: Solarmodule, Wechselrichter, Verkabelung und Aufständerung. In den Modulen wandeln die PV-Zellen die solare Strahlungsenergie in elektrische Energie, in Gleichstrom, um. Wechselrichter transformieren diesen in Wechselstrom, um ihn in das Stromnetz einspeisen zu können. Die Verkabelung dient der Zusammenführung des in den Modulen erzeugten Stromes und der Anbindung an das Stromnetz. Mittels Aufständerung oder anderen Halterungssystemen wird das PV-System auf ein Dach angebracht oder in der Freifläche aufgestellt. Zusätzlich kann über die Aufständerung der Winkel der PV-Module zur Einstrahlungsrichtung festgelegt werden. PV-Module bestehen aus mehreren miteinander verschalteten PV-Zellen. Die zugrunde liegendenMaterial- und Zellkonzepte dienen der technologischen Klassifizierung der PVSysteme. In den folgenden Unterkapiteln werden verschiedene Konzepte beschrieben
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