The challenge in the coming years for mobile networks will be to otTer high bitrate data services to customers in mobility. Future mobile architectures are being standardized to otTer mobility between heterogeneous access technologies. The design of these architectures does not take into account scalability requirement since they are centralized with many network levels and dependency. This paper proposes a new architecture, called Ultra Flat Architecture (UFA), that integrates scalability requirement. The key idea of UFA is the reduction of the number of network nodes to one node which is the base station, by the distribution of traditional user and control plane functions in this node. We detail UFA architecture and show how it optimizes service establishment and mobility procedures. We perform a first performance evaluation of the solution performance and expose the first requirements that guarantee seamless handover for real-time services.
Summary As the basic building block of any information security system, identity and access management (IAM) solutions play vital role in enterprise's security programmes. Providing centric solutions for IAM is inefficient in terms of having single point of failure, high cost, duplication and complexity to the users. Recently, emerging the distributed ledger technology (DLT) has attracted significant scientific interests in research areas like identity management, authentication and access control processes. In these contexts, Blockchain can offer greater data and rule confidentiality and integrity, as well as increasing the availability of the system by removing the single point of failure in the procedure. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the IAM solutions based on their basic components including identity management, authentication and access control. In the identity concept, we discuss about self‐sovereign identity which enhances privacy and security of distributed digital identities by providing individual's consolidated digital identity and verified attributes for enabling them to utilize their ownership. To offer a clearer understanding of the state of the art, we propose taxonomy to categorize them based on their features. For the conclusion of the paper, we compare the existing methods based on proposed taxonomy. Also, considering the advantages and disadvantages of existing methods, we discussed about the possible future directions.
Estimating lightpath Quality of Transmission (QoT) is crucial in network design and service provisioning. Recent studies have turned to Machine Learning (ML) techniques to improve the accuracy of QoT estimation. We distinguish two categories of solutions: the first category aims to build ML-based QoT estimation models that outperform the analytical model while the second category uses ML algorithms to reduce uncertainties on parameters provided as input to analytical model. In this overview, we describe the solutions in each category and discuss their practical feasibility and added benefit for operational networks.
Design of Handover mechanisms in converged wireless and wire-line networks where different access technologies overlap are challenging. As the first step, defining the handover criteria for selecting the best candidate among available accesses plays an important role for efficient use of network resources. Different parameters should be considered such as: QoS, load balancing factor and inter technology handover cost. For load balancing the goal is selecting an access technology for a client according to its active sessions in a manner that the set of overlapping accesses can admit the most number of clients. It does not always mean selecting the access with the most available resources. We define the handover criteria according to access characteristics, network load condition and end user preferences. We also consider distributing of different sessions belonging to one user over different access technologies as a new feature. We analyze the effect of our approach in efficient use of resources in different test scenarios. I.INTODUCTIONConvergence of wire-line and different wireless network technologies can bring out new services and capabilities such as unique numbering and running bandwidth consuming applications proposed in mobile domain via wire-line or WLAN accesses with better QoS and cheaper cost. In 3GPP Release 6, the work on interconnection of WLAN and 3G technologies started and the standardization is being continued in Release 7. In B3G, the network is supposed to be more heterogeneous supporting 2G, 3G, WLAN, WiMAX and Bluetooth. Moreover, for Next Generation Networks (NGN), ITU-T seeks for convergence of wireless and wire-line technologies. In all of 3G, B3G and NGN service-related functions are independent from underlying transport-related technologies by using 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem. IMS as an overlay on transport infrastructure provide convergent services for the users. However, Seamless mobility between hybrid technologies is a key feature. Different mobility management protocols developed in IETF like MIP, HMIP, Fast MIP and NETLMM approaches can be considered to support roaming and handover locally and globally [1][2][3][4][5]. However, regardless of the mobility management protocol, defining the criteria to select the best connection in handover or roaming time is critical: IMS is based on a model where a network operator and service provider control access to the network and services for which customers are billed. Therefore the handover/roaming criteria shouldn't focus only on selecting the connection with best QoS condition and should also consider the cost. Moreover conventional handover criteria used in homogenous networks, based on Received Signal Strength-RSS, firstly, are not able to choose the best access according to other QoS requirements of active sessions (bandwidth, delay …) of a user. And secondly with such simple criteria the resources of the hybrid network won't be used efficiently.Hence, four main goals should be referenced by mobility management systems to cope with t...
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