Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents inIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. The higher value of the line in US dollars reflects the fact that the new PPPs yield a relatively lower purchasing power of that currency vis-à-vis those of most poor countries. Because the line was designed to preserve real purchasing power in poor countries, the revisions lead to relatively small changes in global poverty incidence: from 14.5 percent in the old method to 14.1 percent in the new method for 2011. In 2012, the new reference year for the global count, we find 12.7 percent of the world's population, or 897 million people, are living in extreme poverty. There are changes in the regional composition of poverty, but they are also relatively small. This paper documents the detailed methodological decisions taken in the process of updating both the poverty line and the consumption and income distributions at the country level, including issues of inter-temporal and spatial price adjustments. It also describes various caveats, limitations, perils and pitfalls of the approach taken.
We consider directed polymers in a random environment. Under some mild assumptions on the environment, we prove equivalence between the decay rate of the partition function and some natural localization properties of the path; some quantitative estimates of the decay of the partition function in one or two dimensions, or at sufficiently low temperature; and the existence of quenched free energy.In particular, we generalize to general environments the results recently obtained by Carmona and Hu for a Gaussian environment. Our approach is based on martingale decomposition and martingale analysis. It leads to a natural, asymptotic relation between the partition function, and the probability that two polymers in the same environment, but otherwise independent, end up at the same point.
In this paper, we consider directed polymers in random environment with discrete space and time. For transverse dimension at least equal to 3, we prove that diffusivity holds for the path in the full weak disorder region, i.e., where the partition function differs from its annealed value only by a non-vanishing factor. Deep inside this region, we also show that the quenched averaged energy has fluctuations of order 1. In complete generality (arbitrary dimension and temperature), we prove monotonicity of the phase diagram in the temperature. Short Title. Diffusive Directed Polymers
We study the thermodynamics of a continuous model of directed polymers in random environment. The environment is given by a space-time Poisson point process, whereas the polymer is defined in terms of the Brownian motion. We mainly discuss: (i) The normalized partition function, its positivity in the limit which characterizes the phase diagram of the model. (ii) The existence of quenched Lyapunov exponent, its positivity, and its agreement with the annealed Lyapunov exponent; (iii) The longitudinal fluctuation of the free energy, some of its relations with the overlap between replicas and with the transversal fluctuation of the path. The model considered here, enables us to use stochastic calculus, with respect to both Brownian motion and Poisson process, leading to handy formulas for fluctuations analysis and qualitative properties of the phase diagram. We also relate our model to some formulation of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation, more precisely, the stochastic heat equation. Our fluctuation results are interpreted as bounds on various exponents and provide a circumstantial evidence of super-diffusivity in dimension one. We also obtain an almost sure large deviation principle for the polymer measure.Short Title: Brownian Polymers
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