R1234ze(E) CO 2Experimental VLE data Mixture critical point PPR78 model a b s t r a c t Isothermal (P-x-y) vaporeliquid equilibrium data for the CO 2 þ 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234yf) binary system are reported at seven temperatures ranging from 283.15 K to 353.15 K. The experimental values were measured using a staticeanalytic type apparatus coupled with two electromagnetic capillary samplers (Rolsi™, Armines' patent) for repeatable and reliable equilibrium phase sampling and handling. Moreover, for the four temperatures above the critical temperature of pure CO 2 (304.3 K), the mixture critical compositions (x c ) and pressures (P c ) were calculated at each temperature using extended scaling laws.In a second step, the critical loci of the CO 2 þ R1234yf and CO 2 þ trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene [R1234ze(E)] were measured over the whole composition range using a synthetic-dynamic type apparatus. The subcritical and critical experimental data determined in this study were compared to those available in the open literature and were correlated using the PengeRobinson equation of state with temperature-dependent binary interaction parameters. Mesures exp erimentales et corr elation d'un equilibre vapeurliquide et donn ees critiques pour les m elanges binaires CO2 þ R1234yf et CO2 þ R1234ze(E) Mots cl es : R1234yf ; R1234ze(E) ; CO 2 ; Donn ees exp erimentales d' equilibre vapeur-liquide ; Point critique du m elange ; Mod ele PPR78 * Corresponding author. Tel.: þ33 3 83 17 50 81; fax: þ33 3 83 17 51 52. (J.-N. Jaubert).w w w . ii fi i r .o r gAvailable online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: w ww.elsevier.com/locate /ijrefrig i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f r e f r i g e r a t i o n 4 7 ( 2 0 1 4 ) 1 4 1 e1 5 2 http://dx.
Natural rubber products emit malodourous compounds, which can contaminate the air and water of the inhabited surroundings of the production factories. Analytical methods such as SPME coupled with GC-MS and GC-O-FID were used to elucidate the composition and olfactory impact of volatile compounds released from two various grades of natural rubber submitted to different coagulation processes. Forty-three volatile compounds were identified and amongst 16 of them that had never been reported. The volatile compounds belonged to different chemical classes and were the result of enzymatic and microbial action as well as thermal degradation. Among the new compounds identified, a terpene (limonene), benzyl derivatives, or trimethylamine were found in both grades of natural rubber. In contrary phenyl acids, fatty acid esters, or 2,6 dimethoxyphenol were specific to one grade of natural rubber and may result from the coagulation process. The use of GC-O analysis emphasized the contribution of short-chain fatty acids to the malodorous odour generated but also evidenced the participation of trimethylamine and 2,6 dimethoxyphenol. At last, it was demonstrated that the presence of phenyl acids in one natural rubber could partially mask the obnoxious odour. (Résumé d'auteur
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