Miniperc and retrograde intrarenal surgery were more effective than shock wave lithotripsy to treat 1 to 2 cm radiolucent lower calyceal renal calculi in terms of a better stone-free rate, and lesser auxiliary and re-treatment rates. However, miniperc resulted in more complications, greater operative time and radiation exposure, and a longer hospital stay.

Monopolar TURP, bipolar TURP, and PVP are equally efficacious at 12-month follow-up. PVP has added advantages of lesser blood loss, lesser need for blood transfusion (especially for prostate volume 50-80 cc), and shorter catheterization time.

For upper ureteral stones of size greater than 2 cm, LU has a greater stone clearance rate, comparable operating time, lesser need for auxiliary procedure, and complication rate as compared to URS.

Monopolar TURP, Bipolar TURP and PVP provides durable and comparable efficacy at 36 months follow up in patients with prostate size <80 mL.

Both SWL and semirigid URS are safe and highly efficacious for treating patients with proximal ureteral stones <20 mm. For stones <10 mm, SWL was safer, less invasive, and of comparable efficacy with URS. For stones between 10 and 20 mm, however, URS was more effective, with a lesser re-treatment rate.