This article addresses
the life cycle optimization (LCO) of the
poultry litter supply chain considering pyrolysis technologies that
aim to sustainably convert poultry waste into biofuel and biochar.
A multiobjective optimization framework integrated with a life cycle
analysis methodology is developed. The economic objective is to maximize
annualized profit per functional unit, and the environmental objective
is to minimize the annual CO2-equivalent greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions per functional unit. The formulated multiobjective
mixed-integer fractional programming problems are solved using an
ε-constraint method and parametric algorithm. To illustrate
the applicability of the proposed framework, a case study on the State
of Georgia is presented. The Pareto-optimal solutions illustrate a
clear trade-off between the unit annualized profit and the unit annual
CO2-eq GHG emission. The most economically profitable solution
has an annualized profit of $91/ton poultry litter dry matter (DM)
and an annual sequestration of 0.04 kg CO2-eq/ton DM. The
most environmentally sustainable solution has a profit of −$1.02/ton
DM and annual emissions of −511 kg CO2-eq/ton DM.
Through spatial analysis, a clear correlation between pyrolysis facility
locations and poultry litter production amount is revealed. Sensitivity
analyses reveal biochar price and storage periods of unpyrolyzed poultry
manure to be the greatest factors that influence the economics and
environmental objectives, respectively.
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