Aim: Methodology:Results: Interpretation:The present study aimed to characterize the speleogenesis, associated karst morphological processes and rare mineral deposition in Muradi Cave, which is located in the Caucasus region of Georgia. In this research, it was important to make basic survey and mapping of the Muradi Cave. Also, one of the goals was to collect information from a speleological point of view in order to understand the speleogenetic processes.Multiple methods were utilized to investigate Muradi Cave, including both physical and geochemical analyses, to characterize the cave's origin, morphology and mineralogical deposits. The morphological parameters and tectonic directions of Muradi Cave were identified by compass-clinometer and laser distance meter, from which we compiled the schematic plan and 3D model of the cave. Air temperature was measured in two different places within the cave using an Onset HOBO Pro V2 Data Logger. Speleothem mineralogy was analyzed using XRD.In the present study, recently investigated Muradi Cave in the Racha limestone massif, which contains different speleological, mineralogical and hydrological features providing insight to its formation and possible influences on cave development in the region. The uniqueness of Muradi Cave is given by the fact that it contains almost all types and subtypes of speleothems and sediments recorded nowadays in the caves of Caucasus. The mineral aggregates found in Muradi Cave are rare for the caves of the Caucasus. By taking into consideration, the geological-geomorphological peculiarities and the results of the archeological materials of the region, it became possible the identification of the age of the oldest deposits.Collectively, this investigation of an investigated area in Georgia, as well as the discovery of unique formations, provide new insight on the development of large limestone massifs in the region and has implications for deep cave development and the understanding of the region's speleological and geomorphological evolution.
Abstract:In recent years considerable attention has been dedicated to renewal power sources, such as wind power. This work was carried out in order to develop a small wind turbine of 1-10kW power generation capability. This wind turbine is designed to be energetically more efficient by 30-50% and having a lesser specific cost (by 25-30%). This work focused on the development of composite materials for application on the blades in the wind generator. In this paper we present the results of the research work done on the development of flexible technology for the fabrication matrix-epoxy resin based hybrid composites, reinforced with carbon, basalt and glass fibers. These new composite and hybrid materials were fabricated using epoxy matrixes. These matrices were reinforced with basalt and carbon fibers of different content and strengthened by mullite-like crystals. The basalt fibers for composite reinforcing were prepared from raw materials, with chemical composition: SiO 2 -15.3%; CaO-10.8%; Na 2 O-4.2%; MgO-8.8%; Fe 2 O 3 -12.1%; MnO-0.7%; TiO 2 -0.7%. The properties of new composites developed depend on the content and architecture of reinforcing components and are: tensile strength-(0.012-1.590)GPa; compression strength-(0.078-0.656)GPa; modulus of elasticity-(8.4-162.9)GPa; Poisson ratio-(0.015-0.559). The variation of strength and elastic characteristics under tension and compression of the new composites are presented.
Disposal of obsolete munitions is a permanent process, during which colloidal gunpowder are liberated and accumulated. Especially large quantities of such materials were accumulated in the countries ofthe former Soviet Union, including Georgia. Warehousing and storage of such materials and/or direct application may cause a serious threat/risks in terms of ecological and unauthorized use. Therefore, today’s colloidal gunpowder is mainly stored and the expenses of their storage permanently increase, in addition, there is a permanent threat of their unauthorized use, because they belong to the class of explosives. The long-term storage of the overdue gun powders and rocket fuels contains self-blasting risks. So, this problem is urgent at the local and global levels. Traditional ways of problem solution area simple creation of new explosive materials on the base ofthe application of ingredients possessing better properties. In distinct from the traditional methods, the essence of the offered works is a creation of new type industrial explosive compounds and application of fuel removed from utilized missiles/shells of military designation in the role of components of explosive materials. A number of hints have been identified in the process of studying the exploitation of industrial explosives on the base of gunpowder and solid rocket fuel. They have created a prerequisite that the cartridges made on the basis of colloidal gunpowder can be initiated using the malware. This method of initiation allows us to a gradual increase of the gas pressure in the chamber of the critical size at which the pressure of the gas will break through the impact of the shaft and thus the breaking of the rock. In the process of research, explosives characteristics of pyroxylene and ballistic fuel mixtures have been studied. It was established that the granulomatrium composition of the mixture is significantly influenced by these characteristics. For example, if the diameter of the granules varies between 3-20 mm, the reaction of the collapse of the mixture is carried out steadily with blast mode, without switching to the detonation. If 10% or more granules in the explosive mixture are smaller than 1 mm, the combustion process can be transferred to the detonation.
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