The effect of glycine, glutamate, aspartate, lysine, histidine, and arginine on the adsorption of lysozyme on living Escherichia coli bacterial cells under conditions close to those for the functioning of the enzyme in saliva was studied. It was shown that the addition of the listed amino acids at concentrations of 1.5 mM for glycine and 5 mM for charged amino acids reduced the desorption constant of lysozyme by 1.4–2.0 times, while the rate of cell lysis (lysozyme activity) increased by 1.4–1.9 times. The maximum amount of lysozyme that can bind to bacteria (adsorption capacity) did not change. An increase in the efficiency of cell lysis in the presence of glycine and charged amino acids can be explained by an increase in the productive adsorption of the enzyme on the surface of bacterial cells.
For human and chicken lysozyme , the relationship between changes in the parameters of enzyme adsorption on living Escherichia coli bacterial cells and the value of its effective bacteriolytic activity in the presence of glycine and charged amino acids was studied . It has been shown for both human and chicken lysozyme that free amino acids added to a concentration of 1.5 mM for glycine or 5.0 mM for glutamate, aspartate, histidine, arginine, and lysine reduce the desorption constant of the enzyme on bacterial cells to 1.4-2.0 times. At the same time, an increase in the bacteriolytic activity of lysozyme is also observed in 1.5-1.9 times. Thus, the enhancement of antibacterial activity in the presence of glycine and charged amino acids can be explained by an improvement in the productive sorption of the enzyme on the substrate, bacterial cells.
The effect of lysozyme against various bacteria may depend significantly on the presence of glycine and charged amino acids in the solution. Immobilized lysozyme effectively adsorbs bacterial endotoxin and can be used for the treatment of sepsis. Lysozyme is able to bind to immunoglobulins, which may explain its opsonin functions.
Federal Target Program “Research and Development in Priority Areas for the Development of the Russian Science and Technology Complex for 2014-2020”, section “Development of new medical adsorbents for extracorporeal treatment of sepsis with antimicrobial activity and ability to adsorb bacterial toxins” (application code 2017-14-576-0053-142; unique project ID RFMEFI57417X0181; agreement no. 14.574.21.0181
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