and monoethanolamine were used as a starting materials, solvent and stabilizer, respectively. A liquid film on glass substrate was formed in a spinning-coater at a spinning speed 2000 rpm for 30s. After the spin coating, the film was dried at 120 o C for 10 min in a furnace to evaporate the solvent and to remove organic residuals. This coating/ drying procedure was repeated for ten times before the film was inserted into a tube furnace and annealed at 300 o C in air for 45 min. The heat treatment temperature was selected 400 o C and 500 o C (in air for 1 h). The crystal structure and orientation of the films have been investigated by X-ray diffraction method. Indium oxide film has polycrystalline structure. Some structural parameters such as texture coefficient, lattice parameters, grain size of the film were calculated. Surface morphology of the film has been also analyzed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The enhanced in crystalline structure of the Indium oxide film was observed due to heat treatment. Mechanical surface treatments like grinding and milling are often used as the last machining operations and have, therefore, pronounced impact on the resulting real structure of surface layers. Since the surface itself forms an interface between the bulk and its neighborhood, knowledge of its real structure represents information which is paramount for understanding various surface-related processes as well as for surface quality assessment. An effective source offering diverse array of real structure parameters can be found in analysis of data from suitably designed diffraction experiments. Both milling and grinding are accompanied by plastic deformation and thermal fields which are inherently inhomogeneous due to the anisotropy of directional movements of the used tool. In general, two dominant physical processes are under way. Firstly, energy of plastic deformation and friction between the tool and the machined object generate heat whose presence causes creation of inhomogeneous thermal fields. These fields dynamically evolve as the whole system strives to get into thermal equilibrium and as the tool goes back and forth. Secondly, the surface layers of machined object are being removed and plastic deformation is, thus, inherently inhomogeneous. Moreover, external forces and moments are present and as soon as they cease to be in action, the object proceeds to the state of mechanical equilibrium [1] while the unloading can be assisted biaxially textured substrates) [1], epitaxially grown ceramic buffer layers and also textured ceramic buffer layers like YSZ (yttria stabilized zirconia), which were deposited with the so-called IBAD technology (ion-beam assisted deposition) [2]. Our measurements will be compared to the results using conventional sealed-tube setups.
Keywords[1] Goyal et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 1996Lett., , 69, 1795 [2] Iijima et al., Physica C, 1991Physica C, , 185, 1959 Keywords: texture studies; two-dimensional diffraction; thin films Undoped and Tin doped zinc oxide (ZnO and ZnO:Sn5%) ...