Research involving children raises complex and well-documented ethical questions and challenges that extend far beyond the reach of formal review and governance systems, where these exist. However, researchers collectively have a wealth of knowledge and experience in applying universal ethical principles in diverse social, cultural and methodological settings, which offers much potential for understanding how ethical concerns are responded to in situ. Through extensive consultation and research, the Ethical Research Involving Children (ERIC) project, discussed in this article, has drawn on this collective knowledge in generating evidence-based resources that highlight best practice while grounding ethical decision-making in lived experience.

This article argues that the assumption that it is a burden of responsibility for children to be involved in family or legal decision-making is problematic. Each child and family situation is unique, and children's perspectives provide valuable information on this. Children can communicate their views, intentions and difficulties provided that their social contexts and adult partners are sensitive to their perspectives. Within this context, the assumption that children lack sufficient age and maturity to participate in decision-making is questionable. The key issue is not the child's competence, but the adults' ability to provide a trusting, supportive and reciprocal relationship within which the child's voice and participation can be facilitated.

Māori (Indigenous New Zealand) university graduates are role models for educational success and are critical for the social and economic wellbeing of Māori whānau (extended family) and communities. In this study, Māori graduates ( N = 626) from all eight New Zealand universities participated in the Graduate Longitudinal Study New Zealand between July and December 2011. They were asked to describe factors that they found helpful or challenging to the completion of their qualifications. Graduates described a range of external (e.g. family), institutional (e.g. academic support), and student or personal (e.g. persistence) factors. Describing the experiences of Māori graduates can provide a blueprint for future indigenous success by building an evidence base of the factors that may promote indigenous higher educational achievement in New Zealand and internationally.

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Increasing the numbers of Pacific Island students who graduate from New Zealand universities is important for the students' futures, their families, communities, and society in general. In the present study, Pacific graduates (N=365) who are participants in the Graduate Longitudinal Study New Zealand were asked to describe what factors helped or hindered their qualification completion. Graduates from all eight New Zealand universities were surveyed between July and December 2011. Pacific graduates identified external (for example, family), institutional (for example, university staff), and student/personal (for example, motivation) factors that both helped and hindered the successful completion of their studies. Understanding the hindrance factors faced by Pacific students and the factors that have contributed to their educational success can help to inform policy and practice to achieve national priorities of equity and successful outcomes for Pacific learners.