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This paper examines the determinants of individual place attachment, focussing in particular on differences between deprived and others neighbourhoods, and on the impacts of population turnover and social mix. It uses a multi-level modelling approach to take account of both individual-and neighbourhood-level determinants. Data are drawn from a large sample government survey, the Citizenship Survey 2005, to which a variety of neighbourhood-level data have been attached. The paper argues that attachment is significantly lower in more deprived neighbourhoods primarily because these areas have weaker social cohesion but that, in other respects, the drivers of attachment are the same. Turnover has modest direct impacts on attachment through its effect on social cohesion. Social mix has very limited impacts on attachment and the effects vary between social groups. In general, higher status or more dominant groups appear less tolerant of social mix.

The scale of the cuts to local government finance, coupled with increasing demand for services, has led to unprecedented 'budget gaps' in council budgets. Arguably, two competing narratives of the trajectory of local government have emerged in which contrasting futures are imagined for the sector-a positive story of adaptation and survival and more negative one of residualisation and marginalisation. Drawing on case study evidence from three English local authorities, the paper distinguishes and provides examples of three strategic approaches to managing austerityefficiency, retrenchment and investment. It demonstrates how and why the balance of these strategies has shifted between the early and later phases of austerity and considers the extent to which the evidence of the case studies provide support for either the survival or marginalisation narrative. The paper concludes by arguing that a third narrative-responsibilisation-captures more fully the trajectory of local government in England.

Austerity urbanism in England: the 'regressive redistribution' of local government services and the impact on the poor and marginalised. Environment and Planning A, (doi:10.1177/0308518X17714797).There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it.http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/141300/ 2 AbstractThat contemporary austerity is being realised to a large extent in and through cities is a growing theme in urban scholarship. Similarly, the concern that the economicallymarginalised are disproportionately impacted as 'austerity urbanism' takes hold drives a significant body of research. While it is clear that substantial austerity cuts are being downloaded onto cities and their governments, however, the evidence on whether it is the most disadvantaged fractions of the urban population which suffer as a consequence remains thin. Moreover the mechanisms by which the downloading to the poor occurs are unclear. This paper identifies how austerity cuts are transmitted to the poor and marginalised in the context of severe cuts to the spending power of English local government. It identifies three transmission mechanisms and shows how these operate and with what outcomes, drawing on empirical evidence at the English national and local city levels. The paper provides robust evidence from national data sources and from in-depth, mixed-methods case studies to show that the effects of austerity urbanism are borne most heavily by those who are already disadvantaged. It also demonstrates the importance of identifying the specific mechanisms by which downloading on to the poor occurs in particular national contexts, and how this contributes to understanding, and potentially resisting, the regressive logic of austerity urbanism.

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Selective migration fl ows are thought to be a key means by which the intended benefi ts of area-based initiatives 'leak out' of target areas, undermining their effectiveness. To date, direct evidence on the scale or impact of these fl ows has been weak since they are diffi cult to assess using survey methods. Using 2001 census data for England and Scotland, this paper looks at the scale and composition of fl ows for deprived neighbourhoods with a particular focus on educational attainment. It analyses the impacts of these fl ows on the characteristics of deprived areas, exploring differences between regions and comparing neighbourhoods involved in two major regeneration programmes with other deprived areas. The paper shows that selective migration fl ows do serve to reinforce spatial segregation but that the scale of this effect appears very modest and that impacts vary between regions. Flows for the regeneration areas are less adverse than for similarly deprived neighbourhoods.

Although there is strong evidence that segregation on socio-economic lines has risen in the many countries over the last few decades, comparatively little is known about the processes by which this happens. While it is often assumed that selective migration is the dominant process, this is rarely demonstrated. This paper proposes a more comprehensive framework to analyse processes driving changes in segregation -a 'neighbourhood accounts' framework.