This paper proposes and demonstrates a wireless power transfer system design for electric vehicle dynamic charging applications. The dynamic wireless charging (DWC) lane is designed for modularly. Each module has three shorttrack transmitter coils that are placed closely together and connected to a single inverter to reduce the number of inverters. The magnetic coupler design is analyzed and optimized by finite element analysis (FEA) to reduce the output power variation during dynamic charging. The LCC compensation circuit is designed according to the optimal load value to obtain maximum efficiency. The SIC devices are used to improve the efficiency of the high-frequency resonant inverter. A 1.5 kW dynamic charging system prototype is constructed. Experimental results show that the output power variation of 9.5% and the average efficiency of 89.5% are obtained in the moving condition.
This paper proposes a new disturbance observer concept based on the information of the estimated and measured signals for a micro-electro-mechanical system. First, the sliding-mode observer based on the linear matrix inequality was designed to estimate the states of a micro-electro-mechanical system gyroscope. Second, a new disturbance observer was proposed for estimating perturbations of the T-S fuzzy micro-electro-mechanical system gyroscope. Third, the double phase’s fixed-time sliding-mode control was designed to control the positions and velocities of the MEMS system. The proposed disturbance observer input signals were taken into account from the measured and estimated signals. Two cases of high magnitudes and high frequencies disturbances were used to test the power of the proposed disturbance observer. Fourth, the Lyapunov condition was used to verify the corrections of the proposed controller and observer. Finally, the simulation by using MATLAB software was used to show the power of the proposed methods. The achievements of the small reaching-time, small tracking error, and stable steady-states under the vibration form outside of the system.
Purpose: Patients with end-stage renal failure are susceptible to dry eye disease. This study explores the relationship between dry eye disease and influence factors.
Patients and Methods:The control group consisted of 57 healthy subjects who were kidney donors. They were of the same age and sex as the kidney transplant recipients. The outcome variable was the dry eye condition of the participants. The Schirmer test confirmed dry eye disease, TBUT (breakup time test), and the Eye Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, using linear regression to evaluate the association. Results: The total number of subjects was 146 (89 kidney recipients and 57 kidney donors). When univariate analysis found the level of visual acuity, the age group involved was statistically significant, while the other factors were not statistically significant. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, age (odds ratio: 2.8, p<0.05), smoking history (odd ratio: 0.1, p<0.05), corneal conjunctival calcification (odd ratio: 0.2, p<0.05); central corneal thickness (odd ratio: 1.02, p<0.05) is considered to be an influence factor for disease progression. Conclusion: Age group, smoking history, corneal central thickness, and conjunctival calcification are factors for dry eye disease in patients preparing to receive a kidney. These results reinforce the evidence for multifactorial dry eye disease in patients with renal impairment.
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