<em>Botanical pesticide is one of the alternatives to control pest and relatively safe for the environment. Cinnamon oil and citronella oil commonly used as botanical pesticide to control leaf roller</em> Pachyzancla stultalis<em> attack on patchouli, hence maintaining patchouli productivity. This study aimed to find the best botanical insecticide formula made of cinnamon oil and citronella oil to control leaf roller attack without decreasing the quality of patchouli oil. Research was conducted in patchouli farmer's plantation in Solok Regency, Kenagarian Gantung Ciri from January to October 2013. The research was arranged in Randomized Block Design with four treatments (Pesnab KM 40, Pesnab SW 50, synthetic insecticide deltamethrin 25 EC and without pesticide as control) repeated six times. Botanical pesticide, Pesnab KM 40 and SW 50, were formulated using 40 % cinnamon oil (KM 40) and 50 % citronella oil (SW 50). The plant tested was one month old Sidikalang variety in polybags. The KM 40 botanical pesticide formula was more effective to control </em>P. stultalis <em>larvae pest than control and SW 50 botanical pesticide, and as effective as synthetic pesticide. The herb yield, oil yield, oil content and patchouli alcohol (PA) content of KM 40 treatment were not significantly different compared to synthetic pesticide, but higher than control. Patchouli oil components such as alpha pinene, beta pinene, limonene, copaene, karyophylen, guanen, allo-aromadrene and gurjunen, was not significantly different among treatments. Botanical pesticides made from cinnamon oil can be used as alternative to control P. stultalis larvae attack in patchouli.</em><p> </p>
ABSTRAKPengujian efektifitas antifungal pestisida nabati Piper aduncum untuk pengendalian cendawan Sclerotium rolfsii pada ketinggian lokasi tanam dan waktu penyulingan berbeda telah dilakukan sejak Agustus 2014 sampai April 2015 di Laboratorium Pasca Panen dan Parasitologi Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Laing Solok, Sumatera Barat. Penelitian terdiri dari tiga sub kegiatan: (1) Penekanan diameter koloni, (2) Perkecambahan sklerotia, dan (3) Penekanan biomassa koloni. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial, 9 perlakuan diulang empat kali. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah sumber bahan P. aduncum; dari dataran rendah (A1) 20 m dpl, dataran menengah (A2) 460 m dpl dan dataran tinggi (A3) 1000 m dpl sebagai faktor I. Faktor II adalah waktu penyulingan; satu jam ke-1 (W1), satu jam ke-2 (W2) dan satu jam ke-3 (W3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyak P. aduncum dari dataran rendah mempunyai aktifitas antifungal lebih tinggi dibanding dataran menengah dan tinggi, dengan penekanan diameter koloni secara berurutan 92,77; 91,02 dan 87,77%; penekanan biomassa koloni masing-masing 94,85; 92,52 dan 90,40%; penekanan perkecambahan sklerotia masing-masing 60; 48,89 dan 36,67%. Hasil penyulingan satu jam ketiga mempunyai aktifitas antifungal lebih baik dari satu jam kedua dan kesatu, dengan penekanan diameter koloni secara berurutan 98,52; 89,63 dan 83,42%; penekanan biomassa koloni masing-masing 97,67; 93,83 dan 86,67%; penekanan perkecambahan sklerotia masing-masing 71,11; 46,67 dan 27,78%. 97.67; 93.83 and 86.67%; inhibition of sclerotia germination were 71.11; 46.67 and 27.78% respectively.
ABSTRAKPengujian efektifitas antifungal pestisida nabati Piper aduncum untuk pengendalian cendawan Sclerotium rolfsii pada ketinggian lokasi tanam dan waktu penyulingan berbeda telah dilakukan sejak Agustus 2014 sampai April 2015 di Laboratorium Pasca Panen dan Parasitologi Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Laing Solok, Sumatera Barat. Penelitian terdiri dari tiga sub kegiatan: (1) Penekanan diameter koloni, (2) Perkecambahan sklerotia, dan (3) Penekanan biomassa koloni. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial, 9 perlakuan diulang empat kali. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah sumber bahan P. aduncum; dari dataran rendah (A1) 20 m dpl, dataran menengah (A2) 460 m dpl dan dataran tinggi (A3) 1000 m dpl sebagai faktor I. Faktor II adalah waktu penyulingan; satu jam ke-1 (W1), satu jam ke-2 (W2) dan satu jam ke-3 (W3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyak P. aduncum dari dataran rendah mempunyai aktifitas antifungal lebih tinggi dibanding dataran menengah dan tinggi, dengan penekanan diameter koloni secara berurutan 92,77; 91,02 dan 87,77%; penekanan biomassa koloni masing-masing 94,85; 92,52 dan 90,40%; penekanan perkecambahan sklerotia masing-masing 60; 48,89 dan 36,67%. Hasil penyulingan satu jam ketiga mempunyai aktifitas antifungal lebih baik dari satu jam kedua dan kesatu, dengan penekanan diameter koloni secara berurutan 98,52; 89,63 dan 83,42%; penekanan biomassa koloni masing-masing 97,67; 93,83 dan 86,67%; penekanan perkecambahan sklerotia masing-masing 71,11; 46,67 dan 27,78%. 97.67; 93.83 and 86.67%; inhibition of sclerotia germination were 71.11; 46.67 and 27.78% respectively.
Penyakit layu bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum) merupakan salah satu kendala produksi nilam. Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf19 dapat menginduksi ketahanan nilam terhadap R. solanacearum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis dan waktu aplikasi formula P. fluorescens Pf19 optimal yang efektif dan efisien mengendalikan R. solanacearum dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi nilam. Hasil pengujian efektivitas dosis (75 dan 100 g L-1) dan waktu aplikasi (setiap 30, 60, 90, dan 120 hari) menunjukkan bahwa formula P. fluorescens Pf19 dapat mengendalikan penyakit layu bakteri dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman nilam di lapangan. Dosis 100 g L-1 dan waktu aplikasi formula P. fluorescens Pf19 setiap 30 dan 60 hari sekali mempunyai kemampuan paling tinggi dan efektif dalam mengendalikan penyakit layu bakteri dengan masa inkubasi penyakit 88.0-93.5 hari setelah tanam (HST) dan intensitas penyakit 16.50-24.12%. Perlakuan yang sama dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan nilam, yaitu tinggi tanaman 59.0-68.5 cm, jumlah daun total 417.5-510.0 daun per tanaman, bobot basah daun 234.55-263.45 g per petak dan bobot kering daun 25.32-29.28 g per petak.
<p>The evaluation of growth, productivity and quality of 15 accessions of Ceylon cinnamon (<em>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</em> Blume) at the medium elevation in Laing Research Installation Solok West Sumatra, has been conducted from January 2007 to April 2013. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Block Design with 15 treatments (accessions) and repeated three times. Parameter observed were plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, bark thickness, bark production, leaf production, oil yield and components of oils. The results showed that, the highest plant height was Czl16 (497.67 cm) and Czl30 (478.33 cm). The largest stem diameter was Czl16 (12.33 cm) followed by Czl15 (11.33 cm) Czl02 (11.00 cm) and Czl29 (11.00 cm). The highest branch number was Czl30 (30.00), Czl15 (29.00), Czl22 (29.00) and Czl35 (28.66). The highest production of dry bark was Czl30 (4,350 g.treeˉ¹) and the lowest one was Czl03 (1,800 g.treeˉ¹). The highest leaf production was Czl15 (18,700 g.treeˉ¹ and Czl16 (18366.67 g.treeˉ¹), and the lowest one was Czl03 (7,633.33 g.treeˉ¹). The highest of oil yield was Czl12 and Czl30 0.75 % each and the lowest one was Czl11 (0.27 %). The highest of cinnamaldehyde content was Czl35 (61.24 %), followed by Czl22 (59.38 %) and the lowest one was Czl17 (37.78 %). The chemical components of oils of cinnamon bar analyzed by GCMS from Czl35 accession consisted of 51 components and the primary components were cinnamaldehyde 61.29 %, eugenol 6.87 %, β-caryophyllane 6.59 %, cinnamyl acetate 5.61 %, β-phellandrene 4.79 %, dillapiole 3.39 %, benzoic acid 1.82 %, Linalool 1 %, and 43 other components each below 1 %.</p>
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