Under clinical conditions, posterior direct nanofilled composites and indirect composite inlay systems have the potential to present a high success rate and were clinically satisfactory at five years postplacement. Conclusions: Under controlled clinical conditions, indirect composite resin inlays and direct composite resin restorations exhibited an annual failure rate of 2.5% and 1.6%, respectively, after five years. Therefore, the investigated materials showed acceptable clinical performance, and no significant differences were found among them. SUMMARY

The effects of oral fluids on the bond strength of bonding systems to enamel/dentin must be considered during clinical application of these materials. SUMMARYThis study evaluated and compared the effect of saliva contamination and possible decontamination methods on bond strengths of two self-etching adhesive systems (Clearfil SE Bond [CSE], Optibond Solo Plus SE [OSE]). Flat occlusal dentin surfaces were created on 180 extracted human molar teeth. The two bonding systems and corresponding composite resins (Clearfil AP-X, Kerr Point 4) were bonded to the dentin under six surface conditions (n=15/group): group 1 (control): primer/bonding/composite; group 2: saliva/drying/primer/ bonding/composite; group 3: primer/saliva/ rinsing/drying/primer/bonding/composite; group 4: primer/saliva/rinsing/drying/bonding/ composite; group 5: primer/bonding (cured)/ saliva/rinsing/drying/primer/bonding/composite; group 6: primer/bonding (cured)/saliva/removing contaminated layer with a bur/rinsing/ drying/primer/bonding/composite. Shear bond strength was tested after specimens were stored in distilled water at 378C for 24 hours. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests were used for statistical analyses. For CSE, groups 2, 3, and 4 and for OSE, groups 6, 2, and 4 showed significantly lower bond strengths than the control group (p,0.05). CSE groups 5 and 6 and OSE groups 3 and 5 revealed bond strengths similar to the control. When saliva contamination occurred after light polymerization of the bonding agent, repeating the bonding procedure recovered the bonding capacity of both self-etch adhesives. However, saliva contamination before or

This study evaluated and compared microleakage values of in vivo and in vitro placed Class I amalgam restorations with or without three different lining materials and posterior composite restorations with two dentin bonding agents. For the in vivo group, 72 standardized Class I cavities were prepared on the occlusal surfaces of molars scheduled for extraction. The test groups (n = 12) were: amalgam without lining (A), amalgam with cavity varnish (A+C), amalgam with Clearfil SE Bond (A+CSE), amalgam with Clearfil 2V (A+C2V), composite with Clearfil SE Bond (C+CSE) and composite with Protect Bond (C+PB). The restored teeth were extracted after seven days. The same grouping, materials and techniques were used in 72 extracted molars for the in-vitro part of the study. The specimens were immersed in basic fuchsin for 24 hours and sectioned. Microleakage was examined and scored at 20x magnification. Statistical analyses were performed with the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests with the 5% level of significance. Overall, the in vivo and in vitro test groups were not different from each other. No significant differences in microleakage values were observed between the unlined and lined amalgam groups (p > 0.05). However, since lined amalgam restorations did not reveal any marginal leakage, the application of an adhesive bonding material under the amalgam restorations can be considered. In general, cavity varnish was not as effective as adhesive bonding agents in preventing microleakage in amalgam restorations. Composite restorations demonstrated higher leakage values than amalgam restorations (p < 0.05), except for A+C (p > 0.05) in the in vivo group. There was no significant difference between the two composite groups for in vitro and in vivo conditions (p > 0.05).

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two bonding systems, with and without antibacterial monomers, on marginal bacterial and dye leakage.Materials and Methods:Class V cavities were prepared in extracted teeth for a bacterial leakage test, and the teeth were sterilized using a steam autoclave. Four cavities were not restored for the controls, and the other teeth were divided into two groups (n = 16 cavities each): Clearfil Protect Bond group (CPB) and Clearfil SE Bond group (CSE). After application of the bonding agent, the cavities were restored using a composite resin (Clearfil AP-X). The teeth were thermocycled, stored in a broth culture of 1.56 × 108 colony forming units (CFU)/ml of Streptococcus mutans at 37°C for 10 days, and subsequently processed for bacterial staining. Sections from the demineralized teeth were evaluated under a light microscope. In the dye leakage test, the cavities were restored as described in the bacterial penetration test. After thermocycling, the teeth were immersed in 5% basic fuchsin for 24 h, and then divided in half and observed under a stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-tests (P = 0.05).Results:The bacterial stain was detected at the cavity wall of five cavities in both bonding systems. Additionally, two cavities in the CSE group, one cavity in the CPB group, and all control cavities showed bacterial staining within the cut dentinal tubules. Dye staining at the axial cavity wall was detected in only three of the teeth for both bonding systems.Conclusion:The bonding systems used in this study provided an acceptable marginal seal to prevent bacterial and dye leakage.

ÖZETAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı iki farklı self-etch adeziv sistemin [Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) ve G-Bond (GB)] biyouyumluluk ve dentine bağlanma dayanımlarının değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç -Yöntem: Çalışma için 8 adet çekilmiş çürük-süz insan üçüncü azı dişi kullanıldı. Tüm dişlerin oklüzal yüzeyleri düz bir dentin yüzeyi elde etmek için dişin uzun eksenine dik olacak şekilde aşındırıldı. Dişler rastgele 2 gruba ayrıldı ve dişlerin oklüzal yüzeylerine adeziv sistemler üretici firmanın önerileri doğrultu-sunda uygulandıktan sonra Gradia Direct kompozit ile restore edildi. Örnekler, bağlantı ara yüzeyine dik olacak şekilde kesildi (bağlantı alanı: 1 mm 2 ) ve her grup için 15 çubuk elde edildi. Çubuklar daha sonra mikrogerilim bağlanma testine (Microtensile tester, Bisco, Schaumburg, IL, ABD) tabi tutuldu. Veriler tek yönlü varyans analizi kullanılarak analiz edildi. Biyouyumluluğun değerlendirilmesi için agar overlay testi yapıldı. 24 saat sonra inverted mikroskopla hücre dekolarizasyon zonu ve hücre lizis skorları tespit edildi. Veriler Kruskal wallis ve Mann withney U testi ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: CSE (23.5 MPa), GB (18.9 MPa) dan daha yüksek bağlanma dayanımı gösterdi (p<0.05). Agar overlay testi sonuçlarına göre ise her iki adeziv de pozitif kontrol grubundan daha az hücre lizisi ve dekolarizasyon zonu gösterdi (p<0.001). Sonuç: Kullanılan bonding sistemlerin sitotoksisiteleri arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli bir fark olmadığı için daha yüksek bağlanma dayanımına sahip olan adeziv sistem (CSE) klinik olarak tercih edilebilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Biyouyumlu materyaller, dentin yapıştırma ajanları, sitotoksisite testleri. ABSTRACT Objectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and dentin bond strengths of two different self-etch adhesive systems[Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) and G-Bond (GB)]. Materials and methods: Non-carious 8 extracted human third molar teeth were used in this study. The occlusal surfaces of all teeth were ground perpendicular to the long axis of each tooth to expose a flat dentin surface. The teeth were divided into two groups and adhesive systems were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions to the oclusal surfaces of the teeth and restored with Gradia Direct composite resin. The samples were sectioned perpendicular to the adhesive interface to produce sticks (adhesive area: 1 mm 2 ) and fifteen sticks were obtained for each group. All sticks submitted to microtensile bond strength test (Microtensile tester, Bisco, Schaumburg, IL, ABD). Data were analyzed using one-way varyans analysis ANOVA. An agar overlay test was used for the cytotoxicity evaluation. Cytotoxicity was examined by measuring the zones of cell decolorization and evaluating cell lysis by an inverted microscope after 24 hours. Data were analyzed using Kruskal wallis and Mann withney U test. Results: CSE showed higher dentin bond strength mean (23.5 MPa) than GB (18.9 MPa) (p < 0.05). Both bonding systems showed lower lysis scores than positive control material (p<0.001). Conclusions:The bondi...