Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) are relatively new group of analytical tools that represent an innovative low-cost platform technology for fluid handling and analysis, enabling simple fabrication/operation and equipment independence and provide a wide range of applications. Nonetheless, µPADs lack in the effective handling and controlling of fluids, which leads to a main drawback for their reproducibility in large volumes during manufacturing, their transition from laboratory into the market and thus accessibility by the end-users. Herein we investigate the applicability of ionogel materials based on a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel with the 1-ethyl-3methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate ionic liquid as fluid flow manipulator in µPADs using the ionogel as a negative passive pump to control the flow direction in the device. A big challenge undertook by this contribution is the integration of the ionogel materials into the µPADs. Finally, the characterisation and the performance of the ionogel as a negative passive pump were demonstrated.
Controlled reduction of GO thin-films at room temperature with spatial resolution simply by application of a voltage, without the intentional use of electrolytes, has been demonstrated.
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