This study assessed the occurrence of an enhancing inhibitory effect of the combined application of Origanum vulgare (OV) and Rosmarinus officinalis (RO) essential oils against bacteria associated to minimally processed vegetables using the determination of Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) index, kill-time assay in vegetal broth and application in vegetable matrices. Moreover, it was determined chemical composition of the essential oils and their effects alone and in mixture on sensory characteristics of minimally processed vegetables. Carvacrol (66.9 g/100 g) was the most prevalent compound in OV essential oil, while for RO was 1.8-cineole (32.2 g/100 g). OV and RO essential oil showed MIC in a range of 1.25-5 and 20-40 μL/mL, respectively. FIC indices of the combined application of the essential oils were 0.5 against Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica and Aeromonas hydrophilla suggesting a synergic interaction. Only for Pseudomonas fluorescens FIC index was 0.75 purposing additive effect. Application of the essential oils alone (MIC) or in mixture (¼ MIC + ¼ MIC or ¼ MIC + ½ MIC) in vegetable broth caused significant decrease (p b 0.05) in bacterial count over 24 h. Mixture of essential oils reduced (p b 0.05) the inocula of all bacteria in vegetable broth and in experimentally inoculated fresh-cut vegetables. Similar efficacy was found to reduce the autochthonous microflora in vegetables. Sensory evaluation of vegetables sanitized with essential oils revealed that the scores of the most evaluated attributes fell between like slightly and neither like nor dislike. The combination of essential oils at sub-inhibitory concentrations could mean an interesting approach to sanitize minimally processed vegetables.

Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa que objetivou identificar as evidências científicas sobre as ações educativas em saúde voltadas à promoção da saúde do idoso. A busca dos artigos foi realizada nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs, BDENF, CINAHL e biblioteca virtual SciELO, por meio do cruzamento dos descritores Educação em Saúde, Idoso, Envelhecimento, Saúde do Idoso, Promoção da Saúde e Qualidade de vida, incluindo-se artigos publicados no período de 2003 a 2013, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português, realizados com idosos. Foram selecionados oito artigos, dos quais percebeu-se a qualidade de vida e a promoção do envelhecimento saudável como fatores resultantes das estratégias de educação em saúde. As ações de educação em saúde para idosos necessitam de metodologias que atentem para a complexidade do processo de envelhecimento e relacionem os fatores que cercam o indivíduo, como as crenças, os valores, as normas e os modos de vida.

BackgroundCancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome that dramatically decreases survival. Loss of white adipose tissue (WAT) is one of the key characteristics of cachexia. WAT wasting is paralleled by microarchitectural remodeling in cachectic cancer patients. Fibrosis results from uncontrolled ECM synthesis, a process in which, transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) plays a pivotal role. So far, the mechanisms involved in adipose tissue (AT) re-arrangement, and the role of TGFβ in inducing AT remodeling in weight-losing cancer patients are poorly understood. This study examined the modulation of ECM components mediated by TGFβ pathway in fibrotic AT obtained from cachectic gastrointestinal cancer patients.MethodsAfter signing the informed consent form, patients were enrolled into the following groups: cancer cachexia (CC, n = 21), weight-stable cancer (WSC, n = 17), and control (n = 21). The total amount of collagen and elastic fibers in the subcutaneous AT was assessed by histological analysis and by immunohistochemistry. TGFβ isoforms expression was analyzed by Multiplex assay and by immunohistochemistry. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), fibroblast-specific protein (FSP1), Smad3 and 4 were quantified by qPCR and/or by immunohistochemistry. Interleukin (IL) 2, IL5, IL8, IL13 and IL17 content, cytokines known to be associated with fibrosis, was measured by Multiplex assay.ResultsThere was an accumulation of collagen and elastic fibers in the AT of CC, as compared with WSC and controls. Collagens type I, III, VI, and fibronectin expression was enhanced in the tissue of CC, compared with both WSC and control. The pronounced expression of αSMA in the surrounding of adipocytes, and the increased mRNA content for FSP1 (20-fold) indicate the presence of activated myofibroblasts; particularly in CC. TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 levels were up-regulated by cachexia in AT, as well in the isolated adipocytes. Smad3 and Smad4 labeling was found to be more evident in the fibrotic areas of CC adipose tissue.ConclusionsCancer cachexia promotes the development of AT fibrosis, in association with altered TGFβ signaling, compromising AT organization and function.

Objective: to create and validate an educational video for teaching deaf students about cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Method: methodological study consisting in the creation of an educational video, validation of its content by 22 nurses with expertise in cardiorespiratory arrest, and evaluation by 16 deaf students. For data collection, the following validated instruments were used: the Instrument for Validation of Educational Content used for the validation by nurses and the Assistive Technology Assessment Questionnaire for the evaluation by deaf students. The criterion for validation was concordance higher than 80%, analyzed through the content validation index and binomial test. Results: the final version of the video lasted seven minutes and thirty seconds, covered the steps that should be performed by a lay person to help a victim of cardiorespiratory arrest, presented animations and the narration in the Brazilian sign language. All the items obtained agreement among nurses and of among deaf students equal or superior to 80%. Conclusion: the video was considered to present valid content by the judges and comprehensible content by deaf students. Thus the video represents an inclusive technology for health education of deaf people about cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

RESUMO -O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o comportamento de sementes de gabiroba em relação ao ponto de colheita, armazenamento e implicações na germinação. Para caracterização e ponto de colheita foram avaliados frutos de sete plantas, determinando-se o diâmetro, massa fresca de casca, polpa e sementes, número de sementes por fruto, graus Brix da polpacorrigidos para 20 0 C e germinação das sementes recém colhidas, sem retirada da mucilagem. O estudo do armazenamento compreendeu o experimento um, onde foram comparados os seguintes tratamentos: sementes frescas postas para germinar imediatamente após a retirada da mucilagem e outras armazenadas em frasco de vidro fechado a 25 0 C e a 8 0 C e em saco de papel a 25 o C e 60%UR, por 30 dias. O experimento dois (resistência à dessecação) consistiu na instalação diária da germinação (por cinco dias) e na verificação do grau de umidade das sementes mantidas em ambiente de laboratório (25 0 C e 60%UR), considerando-se como testemunha as sementes frescas (primeiro dia), logo após a retirada da mucilagem. No experimento três, os frutos foram armazenados por 20 dias: a temperatura média de 25 0 C, dentro de uma vasilha de louça coberta com uma peneira; em saco de polietileno a 8 0 C e a -18 0 C. As sementes frescas, de frutos não armazenados, foram consideradas a testemunha. Os tratamentos foram avaliados pela germinação (25 0 C), índice de velocidade de germinação e determinação do grau de umidade. O ponto de colheita de frutos de Campomanesia adamantium, para obtenção de sementes, pode ser determinado pela medida do Brix da polpa, indicando-se a colheita dos frutos com no mínimo, 15,75 0 para se obter 95% de germinação. As sementes de guabiroba indicam que a espécie pode ser classificada como recalcitrante, por não suportarem armazenamento a baixa temperatura e nem a dessecação; o armazenamento em frasco de vidro fechado a 25 0 C mantém as sementes com 60% de germinação, por 30 dias. Todavia, a semeadura logo após a extração dos frutos, permite índices de germinação de, no mínimo, 74%.Termos para indexação: fruto do cerrado, conservação de sementes, qualidade fisiológica. HARVESTING AND STORAGE OF GABIROBA (Campomanesia adamantium Camb. -MYRTACEAE) SEEDS AND THEIR IMPLICATION IN THE GERMINATIONABSTRACT -The aim of this study was to investigate the gabiroba seed behaviour regarding the harvesting point, storage and their implications in germination. For characterization and harvest point, fruits of seven plants were evaluated for diameter, peel, pulp and seed fresh matter, number of seeds per fruit, Brix degrees of pulp corrected to 20 0 C and extracted seed germination, with mucilage. The storage study was made up of three experiments. In the first experiment the following treatments were compared with fresh seeds: immediately after the mucilage removal, a second one stored in glass jars at 25 0 C, another at 8 0 C and the last in paper bag at 25 0 C and 60%RH, during 30 days. The second experiment (resistance to desiccation) was done by germinating seeds left at 2...

BackgroundChronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs) are common in neurosurgical practice. There are no publications that report large series of the epidemiological characteristics of this pathology in Brazil. The purpose is to describe a large series of surgical cases and analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients with CSDH admitted into Neurosurgical Services at the Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil from 2006 to 2011. Age, sex, clinical feature, etiology, surgical procedure, side, clinical outcome, and recurrence were reviewed. Statistical tests were used to analyze data, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe series included 778 patients. There were 643 (82.6%) male patients with a mean age of 64.3 ± 15.9 (range, 14–93) years. The principal symptom was headache (58.9%). The most frequent origin was a fall (282 cases, 36.2%), but the origin remained unclear in 281 (36.1%) patients. Mild head injury occurred in 540 (69.4%) cases. Burr holes with drainage were used as the surgical procedure in 96.5% patients, and 687 (88.3%) patients had a positive outcome. Mortality was 0%. Recurrence was observed in 42 cases.ConclusionsThe occurrence of CSDHs is more common in elderly men. Treatment with burr holes and drainage is a simple and safe method for treatment. In our experience, CSDH presents decreased morbidity and mortality.

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RESUMO -As condições que as sementes encontram no solo para a germinação nem sempre são favoráveis. O potencial osmótico de algumas soluções pode apresentar valores mais negativos do que aquele apresentado pelas células do embrião, dificultando, assim, a absorção da água necessária para a germinação. A diminuição da germinação de sementes submetidas ao estresse hídrico é atribuída à redução das atividades enzimáticas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a potencialidade de soluções osmóticas de Manitol, CaCl 2 , KCl e NaCl nos potenciais de zero; -0,6; -1,2 e -1,8MPa como simuladores de deficiência hídrica de sementes de feijão, cv. 'IAC-Carioca-80SH', foram avaliados quanto à germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, classificação de vigor, comprimento de parte aérea e de raiz primária, bem como as massas secas de parte aérea e raiz primária das plântulas. As soluções osmóticas de manitol e CaCl 2 , na concentração de -0,6MPa, não produziram diferenças estatísticas na maioria dos resultados analisados, podendo ser usadas como simuladores de deficiência hídrica; as soluções de KCl e NaCl, além de funcionarem como reguladores osmóticos, manifestaram toxidez às sementes de feijão, não sendo recomendadas, portanto, como simuladores de deficiência hídrica.Termos para indexação: Phaseolus vulgaris, qualidade fisiológica, estresse hídrico. WATER STRESS INDUCED BY DIFFERENT OSMOTIC AGENTES ON GERMINATION AND VIGOR OF BEAN SEEDSABSTRACT -The soil conditions where seeds are sown is not always favourable, as in saline or sodic soils. Some saline solutions may exhibit an osmotical potential more negative than the embryo cells, not allowing the necessary water uptake to germination. The germination lowering, in seeds submitted to water stress, is a function of the reduction in enzymatic activities. The aim of this study was to verify the differences between osmotical solutions of Mannitol, CaCl 2 , KCl and NaCl, over the germination and vigor of snap bean seeds, cv. 'IAC-Carioca-80SH'. Solutions of mannitol and CaCl 2 , did not show any differences between the variables analysed and both could be used as water deficit simulation solutions; however, KCl and NaCl solutions exhibited some toxicity to snap beans seeds and were not suitable for use as water deficit simulation.Index terms: Phaseolus vulgaris, physiological quality, water stress. INTRODUÇÃOAs condições que as sementes encontram no solo para a germinanação algumas vezes são adversas, tais como, em solos salinos e sódicos. O potencial osmótico de soluções salinas pode apresentar valores mais negativos do que aquele apresentado pelas células do embrião, dificultando, portanto, a absorção da água necessária para a germinação. A diminuição da germinação de sementes submetidas ao estresse hídrico é atribuída à redução das atividades enzimáticas. A salinidade afeta a germinação, não só por dificultar a cinética da absorção