Modelos bifator têm sido relatados na literatura como explicações plausíveis para a estrutura latente da depressão. O presente estudo busca expandir essa área de investigação, tendo como objetivo principal realizar uma análise exploratória bifator da Escala Baptista de Depressão - Versão Idosos (EBADEP-ID). Os participantes foram 311 idosos com idades variando de 60 a 90 anos, provenientes de cinco grupos populacionais de tipo clínico e não clínico. Os resultados mostraram um melhor ajuste aos dados para o modelo bifator com um fator geral e dois fatores específicos, quando comparado a uma simples solução unidimensional. Entretanto, todos os itens carregaram predominantemente no fator geral, ocorrendo poucas cargas significativas nos fatores específicos, o que sustenta a unidimensionalidade do instrumento. O escore geral da EBADEP-ID apresentou elevada consistência interna (0,95 pelo coeficiente alfa, e 0,98 pelo coeficiente ômega) e capacidade informativa, além de alta sensibilidade e especificidade. Implicações teóricas e práticas dos resultados, bem como limitações do estudo, são discutidas ao final.
RESUMO -Instrumentos psicométricos breves para a avaliação da personalidade têm recebido uma crescente atenção. Até o momento, entretanto, existia a carência de tais instrumentos no contexto brasileiro. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as propriedades psicométricas de um instrumento reduzido para mensurar os Cinco Grandes Fatores (CGF), derivado de um instrumento originalmente com 64 marcadores. Os participantes foram 674 estudantes universitários (média de idade = 23,5; DP = 6,46). Foram utilizados critérios teórico-semânticos e estatísticos para eleger um conjunto reduzido de marcadores. A solução fatorial final contou com 25 marcadores, sendo cinco para cada um dos CGF, explicando 53,92% da variância. Ao final, discute-se a necessidade de estudos subsequentes avaliando a validade convergente do instrumento, bem como potencialidades do mesmo.Palavras-chave: personalidade; Cinco Grandes Fatores; instrumento de avaliação; análise fatorial
Validity Evidences of Mini-markers for Assessing the Big Five Personality ModelABSTRACT -Brief psychometric measures for personality assessment have received increasing attention in the psychological literature. Up to date, however, there was a lack of brief personality measures in Brazil. The present study explored the psychometric properties of Big Five mini-markers derived from an instrument originally composed of 64 items. Participants were 674 undergraduate students (mean age = 23.5 years; SD = 6.46). Exploratory factor analyses as well as theoretical-semantic criteria were used to select a brief set of personality markers. The final factor solution was composed of 25 markers, five for each Big Five dimension, explaining 53.9% of the variance. Finally, we discuss the need to investigate the convergent validity of the measure, and considerations regarding its potential usefulness.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of literature were conducted examining the effectiveness of the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development Investigative Interview Protocol in improving the quality of child forensic interviews. Online databases were searched for journal articles published between the years 2000 and 2013. Measures of interview quality were the type of interviewer utterances and the amount of information provided by children. Five studies met criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Weighted mean of the effect sizes was calculated for each outcome measure. Protocol interviews had more invitations (g = 1.60) and fewer option-posing (g = -.95) and suggestive prompts (g = -.63) than standard interviews. Children interviewed by the protocol provided more central details (g = .90) in response to invitations than controls. Meta-analyses of a subset of preschool children samples revealed that protocol interviews had more invitations (g = 1.46), fewer suggestive prompts (g = -.61), and fewer option-posing prompts (g = -1.05) than controls. Findings corroborate results from previous studies that suggested the benefits of the protocol on the interviewers' performance and on children's informativeness. However, protocol did not show the same performance with regard to preschool children.
Whereas the structure of individual differences in many social and emotional attributes is well understood in adults, much less work has been done in children and adolescents. The main goals of this research were to specify the major content domains that are assessed across multiple socioemotional instruments (self-esteem, grit, self-efficacy, strengths and difficulties, Big Five) in research in the United States and Europe, to test them in a less developed context with considerable educational challenges (Brazilian schools). We selected the five most promising instruments and studied their structure at the item level in a large sample of Brazilian school students (N = 3,023). The extracted factors to capture the major domains of child differences represented in these instruments closely resembled the Big Five personality dimensions. We discuss the contribution of our findings to the assessment of socio-emotional skills in education research, as well as limitations of the current study, and suggestions for future research.
A number of studies have addressed the dimensionality and the measurement invariance of the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy scale (LSRP; Levenson, Kiehl, & Fitzpatrick, 1995). However, previous investigations exclusively relied on North American samples and mainly on statistical methods that assume data as normally and continuously distributed. The aim of this study was to further investigate dimensionality and differential item functioning for gender in the 26-item LSRP scale in a Brazilian population-based sample using analytical methods adequate for ordered categorical variables. Findings revealed strong evidence for a 2-factor model, similar to the original factor structure of the instrument. Only 3 items presented negligible differential functioning for gender. We address the implications of these results, and stress the need for expanding research on the measurement and structural invariance of the LSRP scale by means of cross-cultural investigations.
Os Marcadores Reduzidos para a Avaliação da Personalidade mensuram os Cinco Grandes Fatores (CGF) mediante 25 adjetivos comumente utilizados para descrever diferenças individuais em português brasileiro. Contudo, até o momento, suas propriedades psicométricas com adolescentes não haviam sido investigadas. Dessa maneira, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a estrutura fatorial do instrumento em duas amostras de estudantes adolescentes. O primeiro estudo contou com 208 estudantes escolares (média de idades=15,97; DP=1,00). Análises de componentes principais do instrumento revelaram uma estrutura de cinco componentes oblíquos com apenas 20 marcadores. Esse modelo foi testado em uma segunda amostra com 280 estudantes (média de idades=15,53; DP=1,00) de forma confirmatória contra modelos alternativos. Os índices de ajuste também favoreceram um modelo de cinco fatores oblíquos. Os resultados, em conjunto, sugerem a adequação de uma versão do instrumento com apenas 20 marcadores para uso com adolescentes.
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