Resumo La estabilidad atmosférica en la capa superficial, influye en muchos de los procesos dinámicos que se dan en la atmósfera, afectan los fenómenos de difusión y transporte de energía y materia, razón por lo que se ha estudiado ampliamente en latitudes medias; sin embargo, existen muy pocos trabajos en condiciones típicas del altiplano ecuatoriano (latitud cero y altura media respecto al nivel del mar de alrededor de 2500 m). En el presente trabajo se desarrolla un estudio de la variación de la estabilidad atmosférica en dichas condiciones, usado datos de la estación meteorológica de la Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo del año 2015. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio muestran un predominio del estado muy estable durante la noche y entre muy inestable e inestable durante el día según la clasificación de Pasquill, con un comportamiento medio mensual regular a lo largo del año.
Sludge generated in the treatment of urban wastewater must be properly treated as it may contain concentrations of heavy metals or the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. The wastewater treatment plant in the main parish of Penipe, Chimborazo province, Ecuador, consists of an Imhoff tank in whose sedimentation chambers the waste sludge from physical treatment is digested under anaerobic conditions. The sludge is discharged into an open-air drying bed and does not receive treatment to stabilize it. Laboratory analysis determined that the sludge contains 24.23 mg.kg-1 of lead and is considered a potentially hazardous waste. The aim of the research is to treat the contaminated sludge by means of phytoextraction. The plant species known as wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) was sown in the residual mud and the treatment was biomonitoring for 91 days. Mud samples were taken every 15 days and by laboratory analysis a decrease in lead concentration was identified, identifying a root absorption efficiency of 16.40%.
Se analiza la variación de la radiación incidente en la zona de Urbina (UTM x754579,y9835357; 3646 msnm), ubicada en la región del páramo Altoandino de la provincia de Chimborazo, con la finalidad de conocer su dinámica y los efectos de la posición geográfica y altura respecto al nivel del mar, usando la Teoría del Caos. Para controlar los datos anómalos se aplicó el método de reducción del ruido no lineal simple; luego se procedió a realizar una reconstrucción en el espacio de las fases multidimensional, determinando los coeficientes de Lyapunov, entropía y dimensión fractal del sistema, permitiendo describir su dinámica y la variación en el tiempo. Se demuestra que es un sistema caótico (no lineal), al presentar más de un coeficiente positivo de Lyapunov. Además, se predicen los datos en el tiempo y se verifica que no hay diferencias significativas entre las series medidas y predichas, usando el método Bootstrap.
In Riobamba city from Ecuador, for more than thirty years solid urban waste was placed in an open dump, without gas and leachate control. In 2016, the landfill was technically closed and an emerging cell with the characteristics of a sanitary landfill was built nearby. The Environmental Health and Hygiene Management Department of the Riobamba Municipal Decentralized Autonomous Government monitors leachate generation, recording 19.24 m3/day of young leachate (Type I) from the emerging cell and 5.78 m3/day of mature leachate (Type III) from the old landfill. The two types of leachates are mixed in the main collection pipe that reaches a storage pool that receives 25.02 m3/day. The results of the physical-chemical analysis determine that the values of the parameters are outside the permissible limits. Turbidity is >1000 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit), and the concentration of suspended solids is 1200 mg. L-1 and iron 135.85 mg. L-1. Calcium (1223 mg. L-1) and manganese (356.15 mg. L-1) were also evaluated, as these minerals are related to the 16,000 mg. L-1 of hardness. For the treatment of the mixed leachate, two phases are proposed: a) physical treatment by downward filtration in a granular bed to reduce the concentrations of suspended solids, and b) chemical treatment by oxidation using sodium hypochlorite. Laboratory results showed a 96.40% decrease in the concentration of suspended solids. Turbidity stabilized at 65 UTN. Iron, calcium, and manganese concentrations decreased by 95.60%, 96.28%, and 50.60%, respectively.
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