Given the rapid growth and emerging trend of e-commerce have changed consumer preferences to buy online, this study analyzes the current Indian legal framework that protects online consumers' interests. A thorough analysis of the two newly enacted laws, i.e., the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 and Consumer Protection (E-commerce) Rules, 2020 and literature review support analysis of 290 online consumers answering the research questions and achieving research objectives. The significant findings are that a secure and reliable system is essential for e-business firms to work successfully; cash on delivery is the priority option for online shopping; website information and effective customer care services build a customer's trust. The new regulations are arguably strong enough to protect and safeguard online consumers' rights and boost India's e-commerce growth. Besides factors such as security, privacy, warranty, customer service, and website information, laws governing consumer rights protection in e-commerce influence customers' trust. Growing e-commerce looks promising with a robust legal framework and consumer protection measures. The findings contribute to the body of knowledge on e-commerce and consumer rights protection by elucidating the key factors that affect customer trust and loyalty and offering an informative perspective on e-consumer protection in the Indian context with broader implications. Keywords Consumer protection • E-Commerce • Online protection Study BackgroundThe study context, which discusses two key aspects, namely the rationale for consumer protection in e-commerce and its growth, is presented hereunder: The Rationale for Consumer Protection in E-commerceConsumer protection is a burning issue in e-commerce throughout the globe. E-Commerce refers to a mechanism that mediates transactions to sell goods and services through electronic exchange. E-commerce increases productivity and widens choice through cost savings, competitiveness and a better production process organisation 1 (Vancauteren et al., 2011). According to the guidelines-1999 of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), e-commerce is online business activities-both communications, including advertising and marketing, and transactions comprising ordering, invoicing and payments (OECD, 2000). OCED-1999 guidelines recognised, among others, three essential dimensions of consumer protection in e-commerce. All consumers need to have access to e-commerce. Second, to build consumer trust/confidence in e-commerce, the continued development of transparent and effective consumer protection mechanisms is required to check fraudulent, misleading, and unfair practices online. Third, all stakeholders-government, businesses, consumers, and their representatives-must pay close attention to creating effective redress systems. These guidelines are primarily for cross-border transactions (OECD, 2000).Considering the technological advances, internet penetration, massive use of smartphones and social media penetration led e-co...
This paper analyzes the factors responsible for the efficacy of resolving insolvency issues, influencing the ease of doing business (EoDB) ranking in the BRICS (Brazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa) nations' context, focusing on India. Besides, the study examines the legal framework and judicial decisions on insolvency resolution that boost stakeholders' confidence and improve the business environment. We applied descriptive statistics, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (F-AHP) to analyze and interpret the findings. The key results show that insolvency resolution has been one of the priorities of the governments of Brazil, Russia, and China for almost a decade. Resolving insolvency is the prime factor responsible for India's rank improvement, whereas it is not a priority for South Africa. The AHP calculations prove the Indian government's commitment to insolvency resolution, syncing with experts' opinions. Future EoDB studies concerning other nations may employ the AHP techniques, bringing new results.. The findings add value to the knowledge base on insolvency resolution, contributing to the EoDB ranking vis-a-vis the business environment and providing a broader implication for further research.
<p>The research approach relied on both secondary data sources and empirical study. The secondary data sources were the websites of the central and state governments. Besides, the review of the Act applicable to <em>homebuyers</em>, analysis of judicial pronouncements and the Act's impact on FDI policy add quality input to the method. Moreover, invoking the Right to Information Act, 2005, solicited information usually not available in the public domain from government sources to supplement the research database. </p> <p> </p> <p>The study's empirical aspect assessed the Act’s impact on <em>homebuyers,</em> mainly and society at large through a field study of 540 <em>homebuyers</em> eight metro cities such as Bengaluru, Bhubaneswar, Delhi, Kochi, Hyderabad, Indore, Kolkata, and Mumbai. The sample covered the prior RERDA, 2016 enactment period and had at least two years of involvement in owning a property in a real estate project and a minimum of another two years post-legislation as of the interview date. Since the Act primarily benefits urban “middle-income settlers” dreaming of a sweet home in a lifetime, <em>homebuyers</em> buying up to three residential units included in the sample and investors who wanted purely for resell or rental purposes were out of consideration. <b></b></p> <p>The information was collected through discussion using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire about flat possession, apartment life and society management, and the developers' approach towards <em>homebuyers</em> between January and May 2021. The questionnaire was reasonably trustworthy at a 1% significance level, with acceptable internal consistency and overall internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.652). Since the sample collection was from eight capital cities, the chi-square test was used to validate the regional variation on the Act’s impact on <em>homebuyers </em>in the country. Root-cause analysis-Fishbone diagrammatic presentation explains the Act’s impact on <i>homebuyers </i>and the society.</p> <p><b> </b></p>
The scope of the study is limited to BRICS nations.The study relied on published data from the World Bank's EoDB reports from 2010-2020 to achieve the first objective of analyzing the impact of EoDB parameters, particularly resolving insolvency issues, on its ranking. Descriptive statistics was the techniques applied for the analysis and interpretation of the findings. Besides, for the second objective, the research examined the legal framework of insolvency resolution through IBC 2016 vis-a-vis judicial pronouncement to understand government strategies, stakeholders' confidence and the business environment aiding EoDB ranking.
The scope of the study is limited to BRICS nations.The study relied on published data from the World Bank's EoDB reports from 2010-2020 to achieve the first objective of analyzing the impact of EoDB parameters, particularly resolving insolvency issues, on its ranking. Descriptive statistics was the techniques applied for the analysis and interpretation of the findings. Besides, for the second objective, the research examined the legal framework of insolvency resolution through IBC 2016 vis-a-vis judicial pronouncement to understand government strategies, stakeholders' confidence and the business environment aiding EoDB ranking.
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