Aim:This study was aimed to evaluate whether antibacterial pretreatment of enamel and dentin with silver nanoparticles (SNPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs) has any effect on the microshear bond strength of an etch-and-rinse adhesive system. Materials and methods:Eighty human third molars were randomly assigned to eight subgroups (n = 10). Enamel groups included no pretreatment (E), pretreatments with SNPs (ESNP), ZNPs (EZNP) and TNPs (ETNP) before acid etching and adhesive application. Dentinal groups included no pretreatment (D), pretreatments with SNPs (DSNP), ZNPs (DZNP) and TNPs (DTNP). The specimens were bonded by Adper Single Bond and polyvinyl chloride microtubes and were restored with Z250 composite. The bonded surfaces underwent microshear bond strength (µSBS) test. Data in megapascal (MPa) were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney test (p = 0.05). Results:There was not a significant difference among the groups in enamel (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the application of three nanoparticles and the control group in dentin. However, DSNPs had a higher µSBS (25.60 ± 14.61) than that of the DZNPs and DTNPs groups (p = 0.03 and p = 0.001, respectively). Also, the mean µSBS value was lower in dentin groups compared to the respective enamel groups (p < 0.05) except for groups DSNPs and ESNPs in which no significant difference was found (p > 0.05). Conclusion:Pretreatment with SNPs, TNPs, and ZNPs can be suggested to achieve potent antibacterial activities without compromising the bond strength. The best result was obtained for pretreatment with SNPs compared to pretreatment with TNPs or ZNPs in dentin and enamel, albeit the differences were not significant in the enamel groups.Clinical significance: Effective antibacterial treatment prior to adhesive bonding application is desirable to provide successful restoration if it would not adversely affect the bond strength of the adhesive system. Nanoparticles can be applied to meet this goal.
Background & aim: Saliva is one of the most important body fluids. The lack of this fluid has many outcomes for the patient. The aim of the present study was to detect objective and subjective dry mouth in individuals with no oro-dental complications in Shiraz, Iran and compare these factors to depression level, medication intake and level of education. Methods:In the present descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Shiraz Dental School in 2018, 450 samples were selected from the Patients' companions referred to Shiraz Dental School over 18 years. In the present study, the Fox questionnaire was used to mentally assess dry mouth (zerostomia) and the Zong self-assessment scale was used to assess depression. Spitting method was used to evaluate the amount of stimulated and unstimulated saliva (objective dry mouth or hyposalivation). When saliva was less than 0.1 g/min, objective dry mouth was stimulated and when saliva was less than 0.7g/min, objective dry mouth was considered non-irritating. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and chi-square test. Results:In the present study, 399 patients (118 males, 280 females) were studied. Dry mouth (zerostomia) was found in 46% of the population. However, 18.5% had non-stimulated objective dry mouth and 12.3% had objectively stimulated dry mouth. Patients aged 30 to 45 years suffered more from mental and objective dry mouth compared to other age groups (p=0.048 and p=0.032). Depression, use of antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs and low level of education were significantly associated with objective dry mouth (p<0.01, p<0.01 and p=0.038). Conclusion:Mental dry mouth can occur apart from objective dry mouth. Correspondingly, dry mouth as an objective and mental symptom can be seen not only in the elderly but similarly in the young peoples. Physicians and dentists must deal with the factors that cause this complication, such as; depression, medications, and education levels as a disabling and destructive condition that affects all age groups.
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