A mutant line of Pisum fulvum was identified that lacked seed lipoxygenase-2 (LOX-2). The mutant phenotype was introgressed into a standard Pisum sativum cv. Birte to provide near-isogenic lines with or without seed LOX-2. Genetic analyses showed the mutation to behave as a single, recessive Mendelian gene. Northern and dot-blot analyses showed a large reduction in LOX-2 mRNA from developing seeds of the LOX-2-null mutant. A restriction fragment length polymorphism associated with the 5' end of the LOX-2 gene(s) co-segregated with the null phenotype, indicating that the reduction of LOX-2 mRNA was neither a consequence of deletion of the LOX genes nor a consequence of the action of a genetically distant regulatory gene. Analysis of the 5'-flanking sequences of LOX-2 genes from Birte and the near-isogenic LOX-2-null mutant revealed a number of insertions, deletions and substitutions within the promoter from the LOX-2-null mutant that could be responsible for the null phenotype. Incubation of crude seed LOX preparations from Birte and the LOX-2-null mutant showed that the latter generated relatively less 13-hydroperoxides and also produced relatively more hydroxy- and ketoacid compounds that have implications for the fresh-frozen pea industry.
Purpose: This reseach endeavours to investigate the role of fiancial sector in determining the foreign direct inflows in pakistan. Design/Methodology/Approach: Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model is applied to conclude the nature of linear association among the variables, in this study, we have used time series data over the period 1980-2019 of Pakistan. A financial development index has been created to illustrate the financial development by using Principle Component Analysis (PCA). Robustness of the relation among variables is also checked, and incorporated this in the empirical model. Findings: The findings described very interesting implications, by exhibiting a positive association among FDI and economic growth in the presence of financial sector indicators. These conclusions hold notwithstanding in the presence or absence of Financial development Index. Therefore, the presence of strong financial sector is necessary to attract FDI and to smoothen the economic growth process.Implications/Originality/Value: The role of fiancial sector is indespensible in determining the economic activity. In addition to this, research at hand explore the inclusive nature of the relationships among foreign direct investment (FDI), Financial sector, and economic growth. It exhibits a reflection of the various sources of economic growth.
The Primal objective of this research is to reveal the role of governance, tourism, and trade in the stimulation of FDI inflows in Pakistan. These forces have been integrated for empirical methodology after a detailed examination of past studies. The study took data set for selected variables from World Development Indicators (WDI) and World governance indicators (WGI) for the past two decades (2000-2021). Except for governance, tourism, and trade, this research incorporates macroeconomic stability and financial development as the stimulators of FDI inflows in Pakistan. In statistical data estimation, after using the ADF test, the ARDL technique is applied based on the variable's cointegration order. Both short and long-run estimates of ARDL confirmed the statistical significance of all studied variables that are governance (GOVEF), tourism (LTRSM), trade (TD), gross savings (GS), and broad money (BM). Bound test and CUSUM disclosed that there is long-run cointegration and the examined model is statistically significant and stable. Overall findings disclosed that GOVEF and trade are positively correlated, while LTRSM confirmed a negative association with FDI inflows for the case of Pakistan.
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