In the European Union, a series of competencies are shared between a central agency called the European Commission, and the governments of the Member States. This paper focuses on two of those policies: research and regional development. Here, we model and discuss how the level of commitment of a central authority toward poor regions affects the design of the best decision-making process. We explore cases of full centralization and full decentralization, and situations where the two levels of government are allowed to take decisions, either simultaneously or sequentially. In the latter case, we make a distinction between a situation where the central agency decides first as in most federations, and one in which it decides second, then being an agent of national governments. This setting is especially relevant for the European Union. We show, in particular, that when the degree of commitment of the center is high, assignment of redistributive competencies to both levels of power is a proxy for centralization. Additionally, the poorer region may find its best interest in an institutional design where the regions decide first.
Cette étude porte sur la synchronisation des chocs d’offre et de demande observés au sein des États membres de la zone euro et dans certains pays voisins. Basé sur la méthodologie de Blanchard et Quah (1989), cet article montre que la synchronisation des chocs s’est accrue au sein de la zone euro après l’éclatement de la crise des subprimes. Toutefois, une diminution de cette synchronisation apparaît sur la fin de la période analysée.Supply and demand Shocks Synchronization in Europe. An after euro or an after subprimes crisis ? This paper investigates the synchronization of demand and supply shocks observed in the Eurozone member states and in some neighboring countries. Based on Blanchard and Quah (1989) methodology, this paper shows that shock synchronization in the Eurozone increased just after the subprimes crisis. However, a decrease in this synchronization appeared at the end of the analyzed period
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