Traditional beaten cheese was manufactured in two different farms located in Mariovo region (southern Macedonia) during the summer period using raw ewe's milk. High counts of all microbial groups were found in ewe's milk (aerobic mesophilic bacteria 5.22x10 6-1.25x10 7 CFU•mL-1 , presumptive lactococci 3.30x10 6-1.34x10 7 CFU•mL-1 , presumptive lactobacilli 1.93x10 6-2.63x10 6 CFU•mL-1 , coliform bacteria 2.35x10 5-6.30x10 5 CFU•mL-1 and yeasts 1.24x10 4-2.40x10 4 CFU•mL-1). The lactic acid bacteria prevailed during manufacturing and ripening of the ewe's cheese. All investigated groups reached their maximum value during the dry ripening period and then gradually decline during salting and brining. A total of 240 isolates were taken from all stages of manufacturing and ripening. The prevailing species were Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis (35 %), Pediococcus sp. (16.7 %), Leuconostoc sp. (1 %), Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei (22.5 %), L. plantarum (15.8 %) and L. brevis (9.17 %). After 45 days of ripening the content of NaCl (6.1±0.8 % and 6.6±0.1 %) and salt to moisture (S/M) ratio (15.6±1.4 % and 17.3±0.3 %) in both cheeses was very high. The values of pH were 5.13-5.22. The main factors influencing the microbiological counts were NaCl and S/M content, and a strong correlation (p<0.05) was noticed between these two factors and the counts of the investigated microbial groups.
The objectives of this article were to determine the content of total dietary fi bre (TDF) as well as of its fractions -soluble dietary fi bre (SDF) and insoluble dietary fi bre (IDF) of different cereals grown by conventional and organic farming in Macedonia, as well as to fi nd out the infl uence of the cereal type and farming method on their values. Standardized enzymatic-gravimetric method (Megazyme Total Dietary Fiber Kit) was used for determination of soluble, insoluble, and total dietary fi ber in 27 different cereal samples of wheat, rye, barley, oat, and millet, which were grown at three locations. The content of TDF, IDF and SDF was infl uenced by both cereal type and farming type. The organically grown cereals, primarily oat and barley, have shown higher values of TDF and of its fractions than the conventionally grown cereals. Their values (% db) for oat and barley for TDF were 42.00±1.39 and 21.91±2.01, for IDF 39.22±0.58 and 15.06±1.84 and for SDF 2.78±1.25 and 6.85±3.85, respectively. Barley grown by either organic or in conversion farming method proved to have the highest value of SDF content among the other cereals investigated, whereas oat produced by organic farming method exhibited the highest values of TDF and ISF content. The organic farming method proved to have a good perspective in cereal processing and technology, food market and nutrition.
Abstract. In this paper, the results obtained from the investigations performed on determination of the content of soluble dietary fibre component β-glucan in different cereals grown by conventional and organic farming method are presented. Because dietary fibre and its components have great importance for human and animal nutrition as well as health benefits, it was a need to investigate the content of β-glucan from cereal domestic origin. Standardized enzymatic-gravimetric method-a mixed-linkage β-glucan assay Megazyme Kit (Megazyme, Ireland) was used for determination of β-glucan content in 27 different cereal samples: barley, oat, rye and wheat, grown at three locations during 2013. The mean values of β-glucan content in cereals conventionally grown ranged from 34.41 ± 1.47 g.kg -1 db with barley, through 23.5 ± 4.52 g.kg -1 db and 15.61 ± 0.36 g.kg -1 db with oat and rye, respectively to 5.60 ± 1.02 g.kg -1 db with wheat. The mean values of β-glucan content in analyzed cereals which were organically grown ranged from 33.28 ± 2.34 g.kg -1 db with barley, 21.3 ± 1.87 g.kg -1 db with oat, 15.81 ± 2.30 g.kg -1 db with rye and to 6.04 ± 0.58 g.kg -1 db with wheat. Compared to the other cereals investigated, barley grown by either conventional or organic farming method proved to have the highest content of β-glucan demonstrating its good perspective in cereal processing and technology, food market and human and animal nutrition. The positive/negative correlations allow indirect evaluation of cereals in breeding work aimed at creation of forms with increased/decreased content of β-glucans in grain.
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different doses of the Bulgarian product VemoHerb-T (dry extract of Tribulus terrestris L.) on the development of reproductive organs in growing male rabbits. In the experiment 35 male rabbits (White New Zealand breed) between 40 and 82 days of age were randomly divided into five groupsa control and four experimental groups. Different doses of VemoHerb-T (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg/kg body weight for II, III, IV and V group, respectively) were added to the drinking water for the experimental groups. It was found that Tr. terrestris affects the body and testicular weight of male growing rabbits in dose-dependent manner. The dose 2.5 mg/kg of the tested product can be recommended for use in rabbit breeding as the most appropriate and harmless. The higher doses of the extract induced negative histological changes in the rabbits' reproductive organs.
Isoflavones are phytoestrogens which have estrogen-like activity in animals and humans. Because of this characteristic influence, the aim of this investigation was to examine the effect of genistein and daidzein on testicular weight and testosterone secretion in ISA Brown roosters. Genistein and daidzein as non-steroid phytoestrogens were added in large amounts to the feed of roosters. Soy isoflavones were added to rooster diets in amounts of 0, 300, 600, 1200 and 1800 mg/kg of feed. At the end of the 37th week no significant differences were found between the groups in testicular weight (P>0.05) and testosterone secretion (P>0.05) measured in the blood of birds. Blood testosterone concentration was significantly higher in younger (20-week-old) roosters than in 37-weekold roosters (P<0.01). Genistein and daidzein present in the feed did not influence the weight of testes and no significant differences were found. Further studies are required to investigate the effect of isoflavones on other androgenic characteristics.
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