e Lee (2005), aprendizagem motora refere-se a um conjunto de processos associados com a prática e experiência que levam a mudanças relativamente permanentes no desempenho. Sendo que para Manoel (1999), a aprendizagem motora ocorre com auxílio de prática sistemática e feedback. No presente artigo, a Aprendizagem Motora será compreendida como as mudanças relativamente permanentes no comportamento motor, influenciadas pela prática sistematizada e informações sobre a prática. Em relação à informação, o conhecimento de resultados (CR) é uma forma de feedback extrínseco de grande relevância para a aprendizagem de habilidades motoras, informando o executante sobre o resultado do seu movimento em relação à meta da tarefa (SCHMIDT, 1975;.Diversos estudos que buscaram investigar os efeitos do CR mostraram que quanto mais frequente fosse o fornecimento de CR, melhor seria o seu efeito na aprendizagem de Motriz, Rio Claro, v.18 n.3, p.495-504, jul./set. 2012 Artigo Original Efeitos do conhecimento de resultados autocontrolado na aprendizagem motora Effects of self-controlled knowledge of results in motor learningAbstract: The purpose of this study was to examine three different strategies to provide knowledge of results (KR), yoked paired by trial and yoked paired by average of total frequency of KR in random practice. The sample was composed by 45 volunteers, distributed into three groups (n=15 subjects). The task consisted of press three keys, 2, 4, 8 and 6 in the numeric keypad of the computer in three different total time (700, 900 and 1100 ms) in random practice. The experiment consisted of acquisition phase and delay retention and transfer test. The data analysis was conducted by ANOVA and the results were not demonstrated difference between groups. The results showed no effect of self-controlled frequency of KR to the motor learning when using random practice. In addition, a new possibility to be used the yoked group was presented.
For over 40 years, the contextual interference effect in motor learning has been investigated. While the difference between levels of contextual interference experienced under blocked and random practice are well established, the difference in the levels of contextual interference experienced under serial and random practice is still ambiguous. Therefore, a meta-analytic review was conducted to clarify this inconsistency. We focused on one question: Do random practice and serial practice have the same effect on motor learning? ISI Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus database were searched. Nine studies were included. The results of our meta-analyses show that serial and random practices present the same results in terms of performance in retention and transfer tests. This result is aligned to the original finding of the contextual interference effect, as well as its explanatory hypotheses. In addition, a complementary explanation in defense of the same mechanisms operating in serial and random practices is discussed. In conclusion, our results suggest that serial practice present high contextual interference.
Obesity has become a serious global health problem affecting both adults and children that remains unclear. Mexico is one of the countries with the highest rate of obesity worldwide. As a disease, obesity has deleterious effects on metabolic homeostasis associated with increased heat production; however, subcutaneous adipose tissue provides an insulating layer that impedes heat loss. To maintain normothermia, obese individuals must increase heat dissipation. We explore the potential role of external and core temperature in energy balance, and develop the hypothesis that basal temperature and changes in the temperature response in various situations to the enhanced metabolic efficiency of the obese state. 45 participants divided in Normal (N), overweight (OW) and obese (O) young women out of the ovulatory state performed bicycle exercise for 15 min in a climatic chamber at 38°C previous acclimatization period. Skin and core temperature, cardiac frequency, arterial pressure and oxygen consumption were measured every 2 minutes before, during and after the exercise reaching the initial temperature value. Our results indicate an important increase in core temperature for OW and O population compared to N women. External temperature was higher in N women compared to OW and O. Notably; N women reach its initial temperature 3‐fold times quicker than O and OW women. Our data suggest a compelling evidence for a thermogenic handicap in the obese Mexican population.Support or Funding InformationSupported partially by UNAM (PAPIIT IA207818) to KPGPThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
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