Methanol poisoning continues to be a serious problem in Iran; however, there is not yet any report of the prevalence of methanol intoxication. This report is a descriptive study of methanol intoxication in Iran. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 51 patients with methanol intoxication who were admitted to Noor Hospital affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Science (Isfahan, Iran) from January 2000 to December 2009. Characteristics of the participants, including age, sex, amount of methanol ingestion, exposure type, time from ingestion to presentation, and patient outcome, were recorded. There were 51 patients (84.3% male and 15.7% female; mean age: 32.5 ± 15.2 and 20.1 ± 7.5 years, respectively). Of the patients, 13.7% were under 20 years in age, 51% were from 20 to 29, 11.8% were from 30 to 39, and 23.5% were above 40. Four patients died, 15 survived with late complications, and 32 survived without any complications. There are a growing number of patients presenting with acute poisonings in Iran. Early diagnosis and treatment is necessary to prevent long-term complications.
IntroductionThis study was designed to compare the effects of intranasal (IN) and intravenous (IV) administration of naloxone in patients who had overdosed on opioids.Material and methodsThis randomized clinical trial study was conducted in the Department of Poisoning Emergencies at Noor and Ali Asghar (PBUH) University Hospital. One hundred opioid overdose patients were assigned by random allocation software into two study groups (n = 50). Both groups received 0.4 mg naloxone: one group IN and the other IV. Outcomes included change in the level of consciousness (measured using a descriptive scale and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)), time to response, vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate), arterial blood O2 saturation before and after naloxone administration, side-effects (agitation) and length of hospital stay.ResultsPatients who had been administered IN naloxone demonstrated significantly higher levels of consciousness than those in the IV group using both descriptive and GCS scales (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the heart rate between IN and IV groups (p = 0.003). However, blood pressure, respiratory rate and arterial O2 saturation were not significantly different between the two groups after naloxone administration (p = 0.18, p = 0.17, p = 0.32). There was also no significant difference in the length of hospital stay between the two groups (p = 0.14).ConclusionsIntranasal naloxone is as effective as IV naloxone in reversing both respiratory depression and depressive effects on the central nervous system caused by opioid overdose.
Background:In some opinions, opium consumption has traditionally been considered to be a means to lower blood lipids and to put off heart diseases. In this study, the relationship between opium consumption and risk factors of coronary artery diseases, hemodynamic factors and cardiac related functions before and after surgery was evaluated.Materials and Methods:In a cross-sectional study 325 patient's candidate for elective coronary artery bypass grafting were enrolled in a period of 6 months. Opium addicted patients were recognized based on taking history from the patients by an anaesthesiologist. Serum lipid profile was determined at the beginning of the study. Frequency and distribution of coronary artery diseases were assessed according to the pre-operative coronary angiography.Results:From 325 patients, 117 patients were opium abusers and 208 patients were not. Mean duration of opium abuse was 12.6 ± 7.7 years. Mean total serum cholesterol levels were not significantly different in abusers and non-users patients (185 ± 47 vs. 190 ± 49, P > 0.05). Mean level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly higher in addicted group (121 ± 27 vs. 81 ± 22, P < 0.05). Mean triglyceride level was also higher in addicted patients (203 ± 114 vs. 162 ± 98, P < 0.05). The prevalence of diabetes and glucose levels was considerably lower in opium addicted cases. Mean body mass index was also lower in addicted patients significantly (25.3 ± 3.7 vs. 27.5 ± 4.1, P < 0.05).Conclusion:There may be a relationship between opium abuse and aggravating lipid profile and hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery disease.
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