In this research, an all-optical NOR gate is designed and simulated based on two-dimensional photonic crystals. A square lattice has been used to design this structure. This logic gate has two main inputs, a bias input and an output. Because the output of the NOR gate must be “1” for zero inputs, a bias input is required. One of the characteristics of this structure is its small size for use in optical integrated circuits. Also, in order to reduce the detection error in the output, it has been tried that the outputs have a suitable distance in two “0” and “1” logical states. The use of a small number and simple point defects makes the design of this gate easier. The simulation results show that the proposed structure is suitable for working at a wavelength of 1.55µm. Also, the amount of optical power at the output is high in the “1” logical mode and low in the “0” logical mode. This indicates that this structure has a reliable output for detecting logical values. In this paper, a photonic crystal structure is proposed to realize the NOR logic gate, which is small in size and uses simple linear and point defects. The use of very few point defects has made the design simpler and thus easier to build this gate. Due to these characteristics, this structure can be suitable for optically integrated circuits.
Original scientific paper In order to attain the optical pulses with high frequency, the pulse-width must be very short. In practical systems, passive Q-switching is mainly regarded as one of the main methods to generate the short optical pulses. In passive Q-switching method, the optical pulses are generated by using laser parameters and therefore, the external electrical or optical modulators are not required to generate the optical pulses. This issue is regarded as the advantage of the passive Q-switching method compared to the other methods. In this paper, a model for two-section passive Q-switching diode laser is proposed. In the suggested method, the changing rates of the carriers are obtained in two regions by solving the equations. As well, by applying this mechanism, the pulse generation is described. Furthermore, the pulse width is achieved and it is demonstrated that the pulse width depends on the physical parameters of the laser.Keywords: carriers changing rate; diode laser; mathematical modelling; short optical pulses; two-section passive Q-switching
Proračun kratkih optičkih impulsa pomoću pasivnog diodnog lasera Q-uključivanja s dva dijelaIzvorni znanstveni članak Kako bi se dobili optički impulsi visoke frekvencije, širina impulsa mora biti vrlo kratka. U praktičnim sustavima pasivno Q-uključivanje se smatra jednom od glavnih metoda za generiranje kratkih optičkih impulsa. U metodi pasivnog Q-uključivanja optički se impulsi generiraju parametrima lasera i stoga eksterni električni ili optički modulatori nisu potrebni za generiranje optičkih impulsa. To se smatra prednošću metode pasivnog Q-uključivanja u usporedbi s drugim metodama. U ovom se radu predlaže pasivni diodni laser Q-uključivanja s dva dijela. U predloženoj se metodi brzina promjene prijenosnika postiže u dva područja rješavanjem jednadžbi. Isto tako, primjenom ovog mehanizma opisuje se generiranje impulsa. Nadalje, postiže se širina impulsa i pokazuje da širina impulsa ovisi o fizikalnim parametrima lasera.Ključne riječi: brzina promjene prijenosnika; diodni laser; matematičko modeliranje; kratki optički impulsi; pasivno Q-uključivanje s dva dijela
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