The authors have performed the synthesis and grain growth of pure calcium copper titanate (CaCu3Ti4O12 or CCTO) compound and its derivatives by substituting silicon CaCu3SixTi4−xO12 (CCSTO) to determine the effect on dielectric properties and resistivity. The authors observed significant increase in the resistivity even with small concentration of silicon. Concentration above 5% did not produce any significant advantages; they also observed a similar increase in resistivity when CCSTO is doped with nickel. In a separate experiment, the authors soaked the CCSTO before grain growth in an organic melt. Soaking also increased the resistivity by several orders of magnitude. The authors observed almost three orders of magnitude higher resistivity in CCSTO compared with CCTO material processed under identical conditions.
Orientation-patterned zinc selenide ͑OPZnSe͒ is a unique quasi-phase-matched nonlinear optical material for enabling frequency conversion from visible to long-wave infrared wavelengths. We have fabricated and tested OPZnSe devices over a wide spectral range. Singlecrystal OPZnSe films of greater than 1 mm thickness were grown and characterized for optical loss showing an attenuation coefficient less than 0.05 cm −1 from 1 to 12 m. We demonstrated nonlinear frequency conversion in the near infrared, mid-infrared, and long-wave infrared in these devices through a variety of nonlinear optical mixing processes.
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