35S-COLDAIR plants can be eliminated by the flc mutation, and indicate that the increased expression of FLC is responsible for the late-flowering phenotype of the 35S-COLDAIR plants. the exogenous COLDAIR functions in the form of double-stranded RNAs in vivo. To investigate how the exogenous COLDAIR transcripts affect the expression of FLC in the 35S-COLDAIR plants, we performed RT-qPCR to detect the exogenous COLDAIR transcripts, and found that both sense-and antisense-strands of the exogenous COLDAIR RNA were significantly increased (Fig. 3A). To assess whether the exogenous COLDAIR is in the form of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), total RNA was treated with RNase one, which specifically digests single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs), or with RNase III, which digests only dsRNAs, followed by RT-qPCR 41. The results showed that, without the RNase treatment, the levels of both the FLC mRNA and the exogenous COLDAIR were significantly higher in the 35S-COLDAIR plants than in the wild type (Fig. 3B). After treated with RNase one, the high FLC mRNA level in the 35S-COLDAIR lines was markedly reduced, whereas the exogenous COLDAIR transcript level was only slightly reduced (Fig. 3B). After treated with RNase III, the FLC mRNA level remained significantly higher in the 35S-COLDAIR plants than in the wild-type plants, whereas the exogenous
Background: To compare the choriocapillary flow density (CFD) among the fellow eyes of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), and healthy controls using spectraldomain optical coherence angiography tomography (SD-OCTA). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that includes the fellow eyes of 38 patients with unilateral PCV, 36 patients with unilateral nAMD, and 36 eyes from 36 healthy volunteers. The PCV group was further classified into polypoidal CNV (P-CNV) and typical PCV (T-PCV) for subgroup analysis. The age, subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) classification, and fellow eye diagnosis were acquired. All subjects underwent SD-OCTA with a 6.0-mm scan pattern. Circles with radius of 1.00, 1.50, and 3.00 mm were manually selected in the choriocapillaris (CC) slab, and the CFD was calculated as the percentage of the flow area to the whole selected area as CFD-1.00, 1.50, and 3.00, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to study the correlation between the aforementioned factors with CFD.
Werner syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease characterized by features of premature ageing. It is caused by mutations of the WRN gene encoding a protein with both exonuclease and helicase activities. The aim of this study was to identify gene mutations in a Chinese patient with WS. A 31-year-old Chinese man with typical features of WS was diagnosed as having probable WS. We performed PCR to scan 33 exons of the WRN gene of the patient, six members of his family, and 50 unrelated controls. Automated DNA sequencing identified the mutation in the patient as 3250delG. The proband's parents, son, younger brother and paternal grandmother were heterozygous. We did not find this heterozygous mutation in the proband's maternal grandmother or in any of 50 normal controls. The novel mutation in the WRN gene is responsible for the pathogenesis of WS and genetic detection is a useful method to confirm the diagnosis.
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