Enteric viruses are present in the environment as a result of the discharge of poorly or untreated wastewater. The spread of enteric viruses
in the environment depend to human activities like stools of infected individuals ejected in the external environment can be transmitted by
water sources and back to susceptible individuals for other cycles of illness. Among the enteric viruses Rotaviruses (RV) and Hepatitis A
viruses (HAV) is the most detected in wastewater causing gastroenteritis and acute hepatitis. Therefore, it is of interest to climate change,
mainly temperature and carbon Dioxide (CO2) variations, on Rotavirus and Hepatitis A as a model of enteric viruses present in the aquatic
environment using computational modelling tools. The results of genetic ratio showed a negative correlation between the epidemiological
data and the mutation rate. However, the correlation was positive between the temperature, CO2 increase, and the rate of mutation. The
positive correlation is explained by the adaptation of the viruses to the climatic changes, the RNA polymerase of the RV induces errors to
adapt to the environmental conditions. The simultaneous increase in number of infections and temperature in 2010 has been demonstrated
in previous studies deducing that viral pathogenicity increase with temperature increase.
Viral outbreaks can result from the consumption of contaminated bivalve mollusks. However, despite the regulation related to enteric bacteria in food products, the consumption of raw and undercooked mollusks remains linked to viral epidemics in human populations. Real-time RT-PCR is a highly sensitive approach for detecting and quantifying enteric viruses, and after eliminating enzymatic amplification inhibitors from samples of interest, sensitive and specific tests, like real-time RT-PCR, can facilitate the detection and quantification of a wide range of viruses that are concentrated in mollusk digestive tissues. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of Group-A rotaviruses in mussel (Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758) specimens (n=576) collected downstream of the Oued El Maleh Estuary, which is along the coast of Mohammedia City in Morocco, using real-time RT-PCR. Rotavirus A RNA was detected in 37.5% (n=18) of the 48 sample batches, and viral loads ranged from 0.42×101 to 1.8603×104 genomic copies per g digestive tissue. Most (72.22%) of the positive samples were collected during the wet season (September-April), and the probability of detecting rotaviruses was significantly greater during the wet season than during the dry season (P<0.001). Monitoring Rotavirus A and similar viruses in shellfish may help prevent viral contamination and preserve public health.
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