ABSTRAKPerubahan penggunaan lahan hutan menjadi lahan pertanian merupakan salah satu masalah serius di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Lawo, Sulawesi Selatan. Praktek pertanian tanpa menerapkan konservasi tanah dan agroteknologi yang tepat, telah menyebabkan tingginya tingkat erosi dan produktivitas lahan yang rendah. Upaya pengelolaan DAS Lawo harus dilakukan dengan memadukan kepentingan konservasi tanah dan air dengan kepentingan peningkatan produksi pertanian. Upaya ini dapat dimulai dengan melakukan evaluasi kemampuan lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan lahan di DAS Lawo dengan analisis data menggunakan kriteria klasifikasi kemampuan lahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa DAS Lawo didominasi oleh lahan berkelas kemampuan lahan III dengan faktor pembatas dominan adalah erosi sedang dengan luas 17.476,42 ha (49,68%). Selain itu, berturut-turut diikuti oleh kelas kemampuan lahan IV dengan faktor pembatas adalah lereng (cukup curam) dan kepekaan tanah terhadap erosi (agak tinggi) seluas 10.059,8 ha (28,6%), kelas kemampuan lahan VI dengan faktor pembatas lereng (curam) seluas 7.638,32 ha (21,72%). Lahan dengan kelas kemampuan III dapat disarankan untuk budidaya pertanian disertai dengan penerapan agroteknologi serta konservasi tanah dan air yang tepat. Selanjutnya pada lahan kelas IV dan VI tidak disarankan untuk budidaya pertanian, akan tetapi untuk penanaman hutan rakyat atau hutan tanaman. Kata kunci: Kemampuan lahan, penggunaan lahan, erosi, DAS Lawo ABSTRACT The changes of forest uses into agricultural land is a serious problem in Lawo watershed
Forest conversion to some land use happened in all watershed, includes Batang Pelepat watershed. The objectives of this research are to know effect of forest conversion to land of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) and palm oil (Elaeis guinensis Jack) farming on run off and soil erosion and different of erosion rate on agro technology of rubber and palm oil farming in Batang Pelepat watershed. The research was carried out during 3 months, begin October to December 2006. Run off and soil erosion measured plot with gutter in the lower of plot. Experimental design for this research is randomized complete block design, with land use type as treatment and slope class as replication or block. Data analyzed statistically by variance analysis (F-test) and Duncan New Multiple Range Test on confidence 95% (α = 0.05). The results of this research show that area of forest coverage in Batang Pelepat watershed was decreasing. In 1986 this area still 94,50% of watershed area, but in 1994 area of forest only 78,17% and in 2006 forest area 64,20% of watershed area. Forest conversion was carried out to land of rubber and palm oil farming with some actual agro technologies. Land of monoculture rubber I resulted the highest run off and soil erosion more than the other land use type and showed different of run off and soil erosion on land of secondary forest.
Increasing of natural resources utilization as a result ofpopulation growthandeconomic developmenthas causedseveredamage on the watershed. The impactsof naturaldisasterssuch asfloods, landslides anddroughtsbecome more frequent. Cisadane Catchment Area is one of 108 priority watershed in Indonesia.SWAT is currently applied worldwide and considered as a versatile model that can be used to integrate multiple environmentalprocesses, which support more effective watershed management and the development of betterinformed policy decision. Theobjective of this study is to examine the applicability of SWAT model for modeling mountainous catchments, focusing on Cisadane catchment Area in west Java Province, Indonesia. The SWAT model simulation was done for the periods of 2005-2010 while it used landuse information in 2009. Methods of Sequential Uncertainty Fitting ver. 2 (SUFI2) and combine with manual calibration were used in this study to calibrate a rainfall-runoff. The Calibration is done on 2007 and the validation on 2009, the R 2 and Nash Sutchliffe Efficiency (NSE) of the calibration were 0.71 and 0.72 respectively and the validation are 0.708 and 0.7 respectively. The monthly average of surface runoff and total water yield from the simulation were 27.7 mm and 2718.4 mm respectively.This study showedSWAT model can be apotential monitoring tool especially for watersheds in Cisadane Catchment Area or in the tropical regions. The model can be used for anotherpurpose,especiallyin watershed management.
This research was aimed to study alternative techniques for soil conservation in controlling erosion and nutirients lost from Andisol planted with potatoes in upper part of Merao watershed, in Kerinci Region, Jambi Province. The research was conducted in Kebun Baru, Kayu Aro, Kerinci. The soil and sediment samples were analysed at Soil and Land Resource Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, Institute Pertanian Bogor. Erosion was measured on small plots consisting of seven (7) treatments and three (3) replications considered as blocks. The results showed that planting potatoes across the slope direction, or making soil bed across 15% slope, or soil bed as slope direction and across slope direction every 4.5 m distance could control erosion and nutrients lost, and did not affect potato yield compared to soil bed as slope direction. Planting potatoes on soil bed as slope and across slope direction in each 4,5 m distance (modified farmers model) reduced erosion, soil organic-C, and total-N lost for 65.89, 65.19, and 24.55%, respectively, compared to planting as slope direction.
The increase of peanut production requires good soil quality, particularly soil physical properties. Improvement of soil physical quality for growth and production of peanuts can be achieved by using rice straw mulch. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of rice straw mulch on soil physical properties i.e.bulk density, total pores and pore distribution, soil water retention, infiltration capacity, and its effects on growth and production of peanuts. The research used a completely randomized design with four dosages of a mulch and with three replications, so that there were 12 experimental units. Treatments of rice straw mulch was divided into 4 levels, namely M0 (without mulch), M1 (0.92 tons ha -1 ), M2 (1.84 tons ha -1 ), and M3(2.76 tons ha -1 ). The peanut variety of Gajah were planted at a distance of 40 cm x 20 cm with one seed per hole planting. The results showed that the use of rice straw mulch with the dosage up to 2.76 tons ha -1 did not significantly affect some soil physical properties such as bulk density, total pores and pore distribution, as well as soil water retention. However, the infiltration capacity was significantly increased by mulching 2.76 tons ha -1 . Rice straw mulching up to 2.76 tons ha -1 did not significantly increase peanut yield.
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