Serum studies in 90 randomly selected lactating women of three socioeconomic (low, middle and high) and age (below 25, 26-32 and above 33 years) groups of Faisalabad, Pakistan, revealed an overall concentration of β-carotene and vitamin-A to be 170.12±88.64 and 54.72±22.69 mg/100 mL, respectively. The β-carotene and vitamin-A showed non-significant difference between socioeconomic and age groups, however, β-carotene was relatively higher in young women and those belonging to higher socioeconomic group, whereas vitamin-A was relatively higher in old women and those belonging to meddle socioeconomic group. The serum total proteins, albumin, globulins and A:G ratio during present study was 5.48±1.24 g/100 mL, 2.82±1.27 g mLG 1 , 2.68±1.44 g mLG 1 and 1.66±1.78 g/100 mL, respectively, The total proteins and albumin showed non-significant difference between socioeconomic and age groups while globulins and A:G ratio revealed higher (p<0.05) values in high and middle socioeconomic groups, respectively.
Seventy-four cases of clinically diagnosed Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), fifty cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and thirty healthy normal controls were investigated for detection of rheumatoid factor (RF), total serum immunoglobulins (Igs), antinuclear antibody (ANA), and ANA subtype anti-double stranded DNA (anti-ds DNA). Patients with RA showed 58.1% positive for RF comparable with 14% positivity in SLE patients and 6.6% in normal individuals. Serum Igs (IgA,IgG) were found to be elevated in RA and SLE patients (62.2% , 36.5%) (54% , 38%) respectively. This study revealed that ANA is found in 88% of SLE patients sera and 78% of these ANA is ds DNA in comparison with only 6.8% of RA sera were found positive for ANA. __________________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction:______________________________RA is a chronic systemic inflammatory autoimmune disorders of mysterious aetiology, which is dominated by joint inflammation accompanied by several peripheral inflammatory manifestations .In this disease patients develop distinct immuno abnormalities espe-cially autoantibodies, among these antibodies is RF which is a major immunological abnormality in RA and regarded as one of the diagn-ostic criteria of RA which is included in the American College of it may occur even in some normal individuals (4).It is well accepted that anti-ds DNA antibodies are rather specific to SLE with occurance in 70% but detected in less than 5% in RA patients (5). RF, ANA and anti-ds DNA appear in RA as well as SLE patients sera. Patients and methodsStudy population : The study cohort comprised 74 sera samples for patients (19male and 55 female), their age range (18-67 years) with RA who met (ACR) 1987 reversed criteria (1) attending the Rheumatology Consultation Clinic or admitted to Baghdad Teaching Hospital in the period between November 2001 and February 2002. Control group: were sex and age matched. They were included :-_________________________________________
adenocarcinoma. Literatures report about 6 times higher incidence of adenocarcinoma in gastric MALT lymphoma patients compared to that of general population. However, the development of gastric MALT lymphoma and adenocarcinoma seems to have different pathways. In this study, authors investigated the clinical course of gastric MALT lymphoma and the pathogenic background in the view point of Correa's hypothesis. Methods: Study was conducted by review of electronic medical record of patients who were diagnosed with gastric MALT lymphoma at an academic institute, the Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea, from January 2001 to May 2017. Clinical course was evaluated with analysis of demographic features, treatment modality and clinical outcomes. pathogenetic background was investigated in by Helicobacter pylori infection status, histology and serology. Results: A total of 46 subjects were enrolled and analyzed during the study period. The mean age was 57.19-year-old (range 36 $ 85). The male to female ratio was 1.19 (25/ 21). Endoscopic appearances varied; thirteen subjects presented ulcerative mass (28.26%), 12 (26.09%) as flat atrophic patch of discoloration, 16 (34.78%) erosive patches, 2 (4.35%) multiple polypoid lesion and 3 (6.52%) subepithelial tumor like. Helicobacter pylori infection was proved in 82.6% (38/46). Atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were accompanied in background mucosa in 28.26% (13/46). Serum pepsinogen I and II, as serological marker for atrophy, was evaluated in 17 subjects. Only 9 of 17 (52.94%) showed compatible with gastric atrophy (pepsinogen I/II ratio of less than 3 or pepsinogen I of less than 70). The lymphoma stage by Lugano stage was I1E (80.43%), I2E (2.17%), II1E (15.22%) and IIIE (2.17%). genetic alternation, t(11:18), was proved in 4 of 15 patients (23.53%). The treatment of gastric MALT lymphoma varied. 32 patients were treated with Helicobacter eradication therapy. Four patients received chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone (CHOP) regimen, five patients received Radiotherapy and three patients underwent surgery. (Figure 1) Of the 46 patients with MALT lymphoma, except for two who was referred to another hospital, 44 patients (100%) had complete remission. The mean time to remission was 130.81 days, and there was no difference in remission frequency according to each treatment method. Patients were followed up for 3.5$114.9 months (mean 40.86 months) and there was no recurrence in patients. Conclusion: Gastric MALT lymphoma is well associated with helicobacter pyloric infection and showed high prevalence of current infection (82.6%). However, the mucosal background of gastric MALT lymphoma showed low prevalence of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, which in highly prevalent of and precedent to adenocarcinoma. It suggests that the pathogenic pathway of gastric MALY lymphoma and adenocarcinoma has different directions. The treatment for gastric MALT lymphoma varies according to kind of clinical conditions, and the result could achieve cli...
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