Monoclinic gallium oxide nanowires are prepared here by arc discharge of GaN powder in the presence of a small amount of transition metal catalyst. The nanowires are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, and evidence as to the mechanism of their formation (shown in the Figure) is obtained by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy.

Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes were synthesized on Ni-deposited Si substrates using microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The grain size of Ni thin films varied with the rf power density during the rf magnetron sputtering process. We found that the diameter, growth rate, and density of carbon nanotubes could be controlled systematically by the grain size of Ni thin films. With decreasing the grain size of Ni thin films, the diameter of the nanotubes decreased, whereas the growth rate and density increased. High-resolution transmission electron microscope images clearly demonstrated synthesized nanotubes to be multiwalled.

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The outstading mechanical properties of bimodal ultrafine eutectic composites (BUECs) containing length scale hierarchy in eutectic structure were demonstrated by using AFM observation of surface topography with quantitative height measurements and were interpreted in light of the details of the deformation mechanisms by three different interface modes. It is possible to develop a novel strain accommodated eutectic structure for triggering three different interface-controlled deformation modes; (I) rotational boundary mode, (II) accumulated interface mode and (III) individual interface mode. A strain accommodated microstructure characterized by the surface topology gives a hint to design a novel ultrafine eutectic alloys with excellent mechanical properties.