A troublesome dental experience usually has a negative influence on the child's behavior towards any successive dental treatment. An alternative, less traumatic method of achieving pain control is an important contribution to reduce anxiety and emotional outbursts in children. Thus, management of child during any meddling procedure becomes a challenging task. Local anesthetics play a major role in techniques used for controlling pain. Aim: The main aim and objective of the study was to compare and evaluate the efficacy of 4% articaine and 2% lignocaine in reducing pain while performing dental procedures in pediatric patients. Material and Methodology: A spilt mouth technique was conducted on 25 subjects aged 3-6 years, who visited the Family Dental Clinic, Kulgam, Jammu and Kashmir for the treatment of their teeth. Subjects with deep carious lesions, grossly decayed or pain on mandibular molars (i.e where ever there was need of local anesthesia) were selected for the study. Topical application of local anesthestic spray followed by 4% articaine infiltration on one side and 2% lignocaine on other. Post treatment pain was assessed using visual analog scale. Statistical analysis:The data collected underwent statistical analysis. Mean, frequencies, standard deviation and standard error was used to describe the descriptive analysis. Continuous variables were compared using student-t test with statistical significant p value of less than 0.05. The graphical representation of the data was done using bar diagrams. Results: Statistically significant results were obtained while comparing pain, duration and onset of action of 4% articaine and 2% lignocaine. Conclusion: Within the limitation it was concluded that 4% Articaine when used was found to be more effective and safe local anesthetic drug to be used in any aspects of dentistry and for all age groups, when compared to the properties of other local common anesthetic agents.
Background: Previous history of periodontitis associated with smoking and poor oral hygiene are considered as one the risk factor for peri-implantitis which in-turn leads to implant failure. Periodontitis is regarded as the most prevalent infectious diseases with around 75% of adults being affected. A similarity between the pathogenesis of periodontitis and peri-implantitis is as a result of intra-oral translocation of periodontal pathogen from teeth showing periodontitis to the peri-implant niche. Aim: The main aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of peri-implantitis in patients suffering from periodontitis. Material and Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted in the department of periodontology on 30 patients suffering from periodontitis and with dental implant insertions. In all the patients, periodontal and bone conditions were evaluated. Probing depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment levels, and radiographic bone loss was calculated around the implants, adjacent teeth and contra- lateral teeth to evaluate correlation between periodontitis and implant failures. Results: On evaluation of results with 30 patients, periodontal depth, clinical attachment levels, and gingival recession showed statistically significant around implants when compared with the periodontal parameters around the adjacent teeth and contra-lateral teeth. Non significant results were obtained when radiographic bone loss was evaluated. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it was concluded that dental implant therapy is strongly affected by the periodontal health and health of adjacent teeth plays an important role in determining the failure or success of the implant while contra-lateral teeth have no or minimal relationship between periodontitis and implant failure. Keywords: Implant, Oral Health, Peri-Implantitis, Periodontitis, Translocation.
Background: the main idea behind the pulpotomy of a primary tooth is to remove the infected or inflamed coronal pulp tissues and cover the pulp with a suitable medicament or dressing which promotes healing and preserve the vitality of the teeth especially in young permanent teeth. A medicament should be biologically compatible, have healing capabilities, should be non cytotoxic, or mutagenic and with no carcinogenic potential. Aim: the main aim of the study was to compare and evaluate the efficacy of commonly used two medicaments i.e. formocresol and sodium hypochlorite in pulpotomy of mandibular primary teeth. Material and methodology: a randomized controlled single blinded clinical trial was done on 50 subjects of age ranging from 3 to 6 years with bilateral mandibular first or second molar requiring pulpotomy. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups with 25 subjects in each. Group I, consisted of subjects on which formocresol medicament was used after extirpation of coronal pulp while in Group II, 3% sodium hypochlorite was used. Clinical along with the radiographic signs and symptoms were blindly recorded at an interval of 1, 3, 6 and 12 months respectively. Results: Statistically significant results were obtained in group II, when patients treated with 3% sodium hypochlorite. There was no major difference between the two medicaments used, but to the various adverse effects of formocresol, its usage has been limited. Conclusion: within the limitation of the study, it was concluded that sodium hypochlorite medicament proved to have better prognosis and can be suggested as a pulpotomy agent for primary teeth. Although formocresol was found to have similar significant results can also be used as a medicament. Keywords: Formocresol, Pulpotomy, Primary Teeth, Sodium Hypochlorite
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