Presence in Virtual Reality application can be defined as the user's feeling of being located in a synthetic environment. However, previous studies only produced results about the factors of Geometry-based Virtual Reality characteristics that could enhance user's presence experience. The studies on Image-based Virtual Reality is still lacking. Thus, we had conducted an exploratory study to find out the list of IBVR characteristics that could enhance user's spatial presence experience by using Repertory Grid technique. Based on our study, a few IBVR characteristics could enhance the experience. However, this paper only presents about overall navigation function in Image-based Virtual Reality as one of the factor that could enhance the experience. The result was analyzed with Focus Cluster Grid from WebGrid V. The features of the overall navigation should have standardized icon and ease of navigation.
Non-interactive or low interactive media such as radio can become highly immersive and realistic, engendering a compelling sense of presence for the participant. An example of low interactive technology is a simple Image-based Virtual Reality (IBVR) environment which has no perceptual characteristics of the interaction with haptic sensations which can provide high user's presence. Therefore, the study investigates whether IBVR environment can elicit user's presence even without computer animation? Furthermore, the three pole model of presence", "mental imagery space" is discussed in this study. One hundred participants were involved in the study. Established Presence Questionnaires (PQ) was used to critically appraise the study. The result is discussed in qualitative analysis. As predicted, user's imagery exists as the effect of user's presence in IBVR environment. Results also suggest that the users interact with the IBVR environment through non-symbolic systems, such as the perceptual and the motor system which is similar with the three pole model of presence. Furthermore, this study has important implications for both our understanding of sense of presence exists in IBVR environment even without animation or haptic sensation.Keywords-virtual reality, virtual environment, image based virtual reality, sense of presence, mental imagery, human computer interaction I.
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