Recently, an improved chemical mechanism of PAH growth was developed and tested in soot computations for a laminar co-flow non-premixed ethylene-air diffusion flame. In the present work, the chemical mechanism was enhanced further to accommodate the PAH gas phase growth in methane, ethylene and ethane co-flow flames. The changes in the mechanism were tested on a methane/oxygen and two ethane/oxygen premixed flames to ensure no degradation in its application to C 2 fuels. The major soot precursors were predicted in a satisfactory matter.The robustness of the soot solution methodology was tested for different fuels by solving methane/air, ethane/air and ethylene/air co-flow laminar diffusion flames using a single solution algorithm for all three cases. The peak soot volume fractions, which varied by two orders of magnitude between fuels, were predicted within a factor of two for all flames. The computations were also able to reproduce the spatial distributions of soot and to explain the variation in soot formation pathways among the fuels. Despite a similarity in bulk properties of the flame, the soot particles in different flames exhibit significantly different growth modes.Ethylene/air flames tend to form soot earlier than methane/air flames and inception plays a bigger role in the latter.
10Several alternative synthetic fuels are in discussion as a replacement for conventional fuels like Jet A-1 11 to cope with limited supplies of crude oil as well as their emissions connected with its use such as the 12 greenhouse gas CO 2 . One of the alternative fuels which have received high attention recently is far-13 nesane (2,6,10-trimethyldodecane), a biofuel produced from sugar using a biotechnological process. 14 In this paper, combustion characteristics of farnesane were investigated by measuring its ignition 15 delay time using a shock tube at elevated pressure (16 bar) and two different stoichiometries ( = 1.0 16 and = 2.0) and the laminar burning velocity at atmospheric and elevated pressures (1, 3, and 6 bar). 17These results were compared to a conventional Jet A-1 fuel showing that farnesane has a similar 18 combustion behavior. Furthermore, a reaction model was developed capable to predict the measured 19 combustion properties. The calculation of the ignition delay times yields excellent results when com-20 pared to the measurements; the computations of the laminar flame speeds are in good agreement 21 with the measurements. In addition, the reaction model was analyzed to get further insight into the 22 main reaction steps of farnesane oxidation. 23 24 eling 26 flight conditions, e.g. cold temperatures at high altitude. Moreover, this certification assures that the 40 new synthetic jet fuel is compatible with current engines and technology and that synthetic jet fuel 41 blends are interchangeable with conventional aviation fuels to prevent any logistics or storage prob-42 lems at airports that may arise due to the handling of different fuels. 43The use of coal or natural gas as feedstock for synthetic fuel production via the Fischer-Tropsch 44 process (CtL or GtL) led to the first approved alternative fuels for blending up to 50 %. Moreover a 45CtL production process exists which yields a fully synthetic jet fuel (FSJF), meaning that it can be used 46 as a replacement of crude oil based fuels without blending [2]. This is of course an alternative to the 47To benefit from biofuels -a sustainable replacement for crude oil based fuels, reduction of overall 52 emissions, including the greenhouse gas CO 2 [3, 9] -other fuels, processes and technologies were 53 developed. Approved in 2014 [10], a biofuel for aviation which can be used as a drop-in-fuel is far-54 nesane [8], a branched alkane with 15 carbon atoms as it is shown in Fig. 1. Its chemical name is 55 2,6,10-trimethyldodecane; for a better readability, only the name farnesane is used in this paper. The 56 production of farnesane has three major steps. At first, sugar is fermented by yeast to farnesene, a 57 molecule with four double bonds [11]. The second step is the hydrogenation from farnesene to far-58 nesane which in the last step is purified by distillation [8]. Whereas Jet A-1 is a multicomponent mix-59 ture [2] farnesane is a single component with a molecular size being in the upper range of the molec-60 ular size distribution typical...
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