Menstruation is an important part of female reproductive cycle but menstrual problems in adolescent girls may affect normal life of adolescent and young adult women. Many factors play a role in regularity and flow of menstrual cycle, which include hormonal changes, genetics and body mass index (BMI). Objective: Objective was to assess the relationship between body mass index and menstrual problems. Design: the current study was a cross sectional study carried out between October 2014 to April 2015. Setting: The study was conducted in four governmental secondary and preparatory schools, which represent one district of Port Said City, together with the Faculty of nursing at Port-Said, Egypt. A purposive sample of 366 female students who attained menarche was selected from the above-mentioned settings. Results: The mean age of the girls was 14.9 years and more than two thirds (66.7%) had regular menstrual cycle, while 33.3% of them had irregular menstrual cycle. The majority of the sample (82.8%) complained of premenstrual symptoms. As regards BMI ranged between 18.3-33.9 kgandcm2, 53.8% had normal weight, while 33.9%, 12.0% were overweight & obese. Relationship between BMI and menstrual problems. A statistically significant relationship was found between BMI menstrual irregularity (P = 0.0001) and BMI and severity of premenstrual symptoms excess body hair (P=0.007, 0.03 respectively). Conclusions: Based on the result current study concluded that, BMI play a very important role for menstrual cycle regularity. Therefore, adolescents have to give healthy & balance nutrition leads to maintain the normal BMI and regulate their menstrual cycle. The body weight and socio economic status has significant relation with menstrual problems. Recommendations: lifestyle modification and nutritional counseling for female students could alleviate menstrual problems. It will not only improve the girls current health, sense of well-being and overall quality of life but may also lower her risks for future disease and ill health after proper advice about diet and exercise, further research in nutritional pattern in adolescents can be done.

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Background Palliative care is comprehensive supportive care addressing the suffering, pain, discomfort, symptoms, and stress of cancer and any serious life-threatening disease. It is a key part of care for our children living with cancer and is an important source of support for their families. The study aimed to assess the perception of pediatric oncology family care providers toward palliative care and its perceived barriers in Egypt. Method Total number of 500 oncology children's family care providers was recruited. A descriptive research design was utilized. Researchers used three tools as Structured Interview Questionnaire to assess the participants' knowledge and perceived barriers, Attitude toward palliative care Likert Scale, and Reported Practices Observational Checklist. The study was conducted in outpatient cancer clinics affiliated with El-Nasr governmental hospital located at Port Said governorate. Results 51.8% of the total oncology children's family care providers had sufficient knowledge, 78.6% had a positive attitude, while,76.8% of them had inappropriate Practice towards palliative care. Significance of results The pediatric oncology family care providers had sufficient knowledge and a positive attitude toward palliative care, but their practices were inappropriate. Also, the majority of participants identified Lack of family care providers training in pediatric palliative care and improper communication between the health team and family care providers as the main barriers to providing palliative care to children. Providing a palliative care training program for family caregivers through continuing professional development is highly recommended besides further research studies using large probability samples at different settings.

Self-care activities and control of blood sugar levels among children with type I diabetes have a positive impact on the quality of their lives. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life, self-care activities, and diabetes control among school age children. A descriptive design was used in the conduction of this study. Setting: The study was carried out at the Health Insurance at El-Arab El-Shamla clinic at Port Said City. A random sample of 223 children was recruited from diabetes clinic. Tools of Data Collection, two tools were used to collect the necessary data to achieve the aim of the study in six months period. The study revealed that there were statistical positive correlation between children`s quality of life, diabetes control, and their self-care activities regarding diabetes. The study was concluded that there is a clear relationship between children's high quality of life, control of diabetes and self-care activities. This study recommended that education and counseling for diabetic children are required to minimize the complications emergence and improve their quality of life.

Background: Hand washing with soap has been viewed as one of the most cost-effective ways of reducing the global infectious disease burden. Proper hand washing technique is easy to learn and can significantly reduce the spread of infectious diseases among children. Aim: the study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a training program on improving the hand washing among children in primary schools. Methods: quasi experimental design was used in the study. The data was collected from 450 students, aged 6 to 12 years. The study data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire sheet and observation checklist, the field data was collected in Port Said city elementary schools in six months periods. Results: The study concluded that there were highly significant statistical differences in total knowledge and practice score of the studied sample after implementation of educational program. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the current study, it is concluded that, the hand washing practices of children in primary schools was improved after the program implementation.