Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer in women worldwide and the leading cause of gynecological malignant diseases-related deaths in women. The most significant risk factor for ovarian cancer is an inherited genetic mutation in one of two genes: breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) or breast cancer gene 2 (BRCA2). The germline mutation c.5266dupC (also known as 5382insC or 5385insC) is the most common mutation among Slavic patients with breast and/or ovarian cancer. Missense mutation c.181T > G (also known as 300T > G or p.C61G) is regarded as the founder change in many Central European countries. We screened 306 ovarian cancer patients diagnosed at different ages by mutagenically separated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR. A total of 25 BRCA1 mutations were detected (18 cases of 5382insC and 7 cases of 300 T > G). The frequency of the BRCA1 5382insC mutation is similar in breast and ovarian cancer patients from Ukraine, but the frequency of 300T > G was estimated in Ukraine at first time.
Summary. The aim of this study was to determine the rates of recurrences of stage I endometrial cancer (EC) and features of their localization depending on the clinical and pathological characteristics of the tumor and methods of patients’ treatment. Patients and Methods: The study included 968 patients with stage I endometrioid EC, who underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Oncogynecology of the National Cancer Institute in 2015–2019. Surveillance of patients lasted from January 2015 to December 2020, with a minimum follow-up period of 1 year from the date of surgery. Adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy was performed depending on the clinical and pathological characteristics of the EC case. Results: During the follow-up period, recurrences were observed in 7.0% of cases and were most often found in stage IC of low differentiation grade. It was found that during surgical treatment without adjuvant therapy relapses occurred in 12–36 months after the start of treatment, with adjuvant radiation therapy — in 6–18 months, and with adjuvant chemotherapy — in 32–60 months. Recurrences most often occurred in patients with EC who underwent surgical treatment in combination with chemotherapy (p < 0.05). The lowest number of recurrences was recorded among patients who underwent surgery as an only treatment. The best 5-year survival rate was observed in the group of patients with surgical treatment (93%), and the worst — in the patients treated with combination of surgery and chemotherapy (57%). In patients without recurrences, the survival rate after treatment was 97%, while in patients diagnosed with relapses, the survival rate was 65%. Conclusion: Despite the predominantly favorable course of EC stage I, some patients develop relapses. The rate and localization of recurrences depend on the histological structure of the tumor and treatment regimens of the EC patients.
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