BIOTIC STRESSESinoculation. Contrastingly, only the leaflet of L.peruvianum LA2745 remained green in color, and its lesion rarely expanded from the inoculated point even two weeks after inoculation. The results were reconfirmed by repeated experiments. The correlation coefficient between susceptibilities of the leaflet and the stem was very small (r=-0.127ns). However, L. peruvianum LA2745, L. hirsutum LA2314, and L. pimpinellifolium LA1246 showed a high level of resistance, both in the leaflet and stem. Although Solanum lycopersicoides, a wild relative species of tomato, was reported to possess resistance to the gray mold (Gradziel and Robinson 1989), S. lycopersicoides accession LA2386 used in the present study failed to show high resistance either in the leaflet or in the stem. Recently, hybrids between cv. 'Sekaiichi' (~br short, SK) and LA2745, and between SK and LA 1246 have been raised. The leaflet of the hybrids of LA2745 indicated on as high resistance as LA2745, while the leaflet of the hybrids of LA1246 was not so high in resistance. Then, it was suggested that the resistance of LA2745 is controlled not by the environmental factor(s), but by the dominant genetic factor(s). ReferencesGradziel T. M., Robinson R. W. 1989. Solanum lycopersicoides gene introgression to tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum, through the systematic avoidance and suppression of breeding barriers. Sex. Plant Reprod. 2: 43-52. O'Neill T. M. 1994. Resurgence of tomato stem Botrytis. Grower 122: 54-55. Urbascb I. 1986. Resistenz verschiedener Kultur-und Wildtomatenpflanzen (Lycopersicon spp.) gegenuber Abstract A two-year estimation of Botrytis cinerea stem damage of 299experimental Flhybrids grown in 2 rotations: winter-autumn and summer-autumn was carried out. The estimation was made in a period of mass fruitage.As a result it was shown, that the hybrids with determinate type of growth (sp) are damaged more strongly than indeterminate ones (sp +). An average disease severity in the first group was 2.8 against 2.3 in the second one using a scale 0-4. Number of strongly injured (2.5-4) plants in each group were 44.1% and 30.7 % and number of moderate resistant (0-1.5 numbers) plants were 10 % and 8.5 % accordingly.The analysis of resistance of F1 hybrids determined significant influence of parental.lines on a degree of a damage of plant stems by B. cinerea.
The textbook was prepared on the basis of the work program of the discipline "Penitentiary criminology". It contains theoretical material intended for preparation for lectures and seminar-type classes. It includes control questions and assignments, as well as a bibliographic list. The textbook is aimed at mastering the key provisions and issues of penitentiary criminology by students, as well as at forming practical skills and skills necessary for the organization of effective activities of correctional institutions, including the prevention of penitentiary crimes. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For cadets, trainees, students studying in the specialty 40.05.02 "Law enforcement", as well as adjuncts, graduate students, teachers and researchers of law schools, including the system of the Federal Penitentiary Service. It can be useful for practitioners of the penal enforcement system.
Abstract. When cultivating sunflower using direct seeding technology, its yield largely depends on the time of sowing and the effectiveness of weed control. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of sowing dates and methods of weed control on the growth, development and productivity of sunflower cultivated using direct seeding technology in the zone of unstable moisture in the Stavropol territory. Methods. Field studies were conducted in the experimental field of the North Caucasus Federal research center (zone of unstable moisture of the Stavropol territory) in 2018–2019, where the objects of research were sunflower crops on April 5–10, April 25–30 and May 15–20, cultivated using direct seeding technology with herbicides according to the following scheme: without the use of herbicides (control), spraying of weeds with a continuous herbicide from the group of glyphosates 5–7 days before sowing sunflower (glyphosate), glyphosate + soil herbicide, which was sprayed on plots after sowing the crop, and glyphosate + herbicide Euro-Lightning, used in the phase of 3–4 pairs of real sunflower leaves. Results. It was found that the transfer of sunflower sowing dates from April to the second decade of may leads to an increase in field germination of seeds, reducing the negative impact of atmospheric and soil drought during the growing season of the crop, which ensures the formation of a significantly greater vegetative mass of plants compared to the April sowing dates. The highest yield is formed by sunflower when sown in the second decade of May with the pre-sowing application of a continuous herbicide from the group of glyphosates in combination with a soil herbicide (2.45 t/ha) and the same glyphosate with the spraying of crops with Euro-Lightning herbicide in the phase of 3–4 pairs of leaves – 2.41 t/ha. Sowing sunflower in April, as well as the refusal to use herbicides or only pre-sowing spraying of the soil with glyphosate leads to a significant decrease in crop yield.
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