Background:Adequate self-care in diabetes improves quality of life and decreases the number of inpatient cases. The health locus of control theory is used to assess adherence to diabetes regimen in some studies in developed countries. The primary purpose of this cross-sectional study is to determine the status of diabetes locus of control in a sample of diabetic patients in Iran as a developing country. We investigated selected factors contributing to locus of control and adherence to diabetes regimen.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study was carried out on 120 patients referred to Yazd Diabetes Research Center. The Iranian versions of Diabetes Locus of Control scale and Diabetes Self-care Activities scale were used for data collection.Results:Men revealed more internal locus of control and women revealed more chance locus of control. The attributions of external locus of control increased by age, while the internal locus of control increased by education level and chance locus of control decreased by education level. A positive association between internal locus of control and adherence to diabetes regimen was found and there was a negative association between chance locus of control and adherence to diabetes regimen.Conclusion:Findings suggest that interventions aimed at improving internal locus of control may improve adherence to diabetes regimen but different diabetic patients have different attribution styles and interventional programs to enhance diabetes self-care will be more successful if patient's locus of control is addressed.

Background Tooth decay is one of the diseases that is closely related to people’s behaviors and it can have adverse effects on their performance and their success in the future. Brushing twice a day is the simplest and most effective way to reduce tooth decay. The study aim was to determining the roles of correlational factors based on the Pender’s health promotion model in brushing behavior of ninth grade students at urban public schools of Guilan province during the academic year 2019. Methods The present study was cross-sectional and had a descriptive-analytical type. We performed the multi-stage random sampling on 761 ninth-grade students (374 girls and 387 boys) at urban public schools of six counties (ten cities) of Guilan province in 2019. The primary tool was a questionnaire on oral health behaviors focusing on brushing behavior. In the present study, which was conducted only on brushing behavior, we revised and changed the initial questionnaire during the sessions of the research team, and then confirmed its validity and reliability. The questionnaire consisted of three parts, demographic characteristics, constructs of health promotion model, and brushing behavior. We analyzed data in SPSS 21 using regression models. Results 20.1% of students brushed their teeth at least twice a day. Optimal behavior had a statistically significant relationship with parents’ education level, and gender. Based on the regression model, the health promotion model constructs described 58% of the variance of the commitment to plan of action. Perceived self-efficacy, situational influences, and perceived barriers of action had significantly stronger relationships with commitment to plan of action respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that one-unit increase in scores of commitment to plan of action and self-efficacy increased the chance of desired behavior by 12 and 14% respectively. Conclusion Due to the low rate of brushing behavior in the students and the predictive power of the health promotion model in brushing behavior, we suggest planning and implementation of educational interventions for this group with an emphasis on influencing the commitment to plan of action, self-efficacy, and also the level of knowledge.

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) prevents chronic diseases. Self-determination theory (SDT) provides a useful framework to understand the nature of motivational interviewing (MI).ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the effect of MI-based intervention using SDT on the promotion of PA among women in reproductive age.MethodsSeventy women in reproductive age were selected by clustering sampling method for this randomized controlled trial. The questionnaire included the variables of physical fitness test, SDT, and global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ). The validity of the questionnaires was approved using content validity ratio (CVR) and index (CVI). The reliability and internal consistency of the questionnaires and measures was approved using test-retest method and Cronbach’s alpha test, respectively. The intervention group (n=35) received four MI sessions through theory and one standard education session about PA. The control group (n=35) received a standard education session about PA.ResultsFour months after the intervention, an increase in the mean scores of total PA (p<0.001, ES=4.77), physical fitness tests including flexibility (p<0.001, ES=1.59), muscular endurance (p<0.001, ES=2.0), cardiorespiratory endurance (p<0.001, ES=0.51), and a decrease in mean scores of agility test (p<0.001, ES= − 0.51) and sedentary behavior (p<0.01, ES=− 0.74) was observed in the intervention group compared to the control group. The intervention group reported an increase in the scores of intrinsic motivation (p<0.001, ES=3.34), identified regulation (p<0.001, ES= 1.28), perceptions of competence (p<0.001, ES=0.81) and autonomy (p<0.001, ES=2.01), enjoyment (p<0.001, ES=0.98) and health motives (p<0.01, ES=0.19), health care climate (p<0.001, ES=4.6), and a decreased score of external regulation (p<0.01, ES=−0.55) and amotivation (p<0.01, ES= −0.56) over time, compared to the control group.ConclusionMI-based intervention using SDT was effective on the promotion of PA.Trial registrationThe Trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trial (http://www.irct.ir) with the Irct ID: IRCT2015101924592N1.

Introduction: The prevalence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is dramatically expanding in the world and the only way to deal with it is through health education. This study sought to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on AIDS preventive behaviors in nursing and midwifery students. Material and methods: This was a quasi-experimental study conducted in 2016, and included 104 nursing and midwifery students from Guilan University of Medical Sciences. A questionnaire consisted of sections with demographic characteristics, awareness, behaviors, and constructs of the theory of planned behavior, and was provided to every participant. The questionnaire content validity rate was 0.8, content validity index was equal to 0.82, and Cronbach's a coefficient test was 0.9. After collecting data in both groups, educational intervention was conducted within the framework of the theory of planned behavior in the intervention group. Data was collected before the intervention and three months later and was analyzed with SPSS statistics version 21. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic variables (p > 0.05). Additionally, no significant differences were noted between the intervention and control groups before the educational intervention in terms of awareness, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and preventive behaviors (p > 0.05). However, after the implementation of educational program, these variables significantly increased in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The TPB was effective in teaching students in the field of AIDS prevention skills. Therefore, it is recommended to use the theory of planned behavior for human immunodeficiency virus prevention behaviors.

Long-term health benefits of physical ... [3] Physical activity on prescription: Studies ... [4] Physical activity in Iran: Results of the ... [5] A survey of social cognitive determinants ... [6] Associations between different types ... [7] Occupational stress and satisfaction ... [8] Teacher role model and students' physical ... [9] Theoretical foundations of health ... [10] Correlation between physical activities ... [11] Social cognitive determinants of physical ... [12] Health promotion by social cognitive ... [13] Social-cognitive determinants of physical ... [14] The relationship between body image, selfefficacy ... [15] International physical activity questionnaire ... [16] International physical activity questionnaire ... [17] Effect of a health education intervention ... [18] A simple, easyto-use spreadsheet for automatic ... [19] Assessing motivational readiness ... [20] Evaluation of standards measuring psycho ... [21] Development and evaluation of the osteoporosis ... [22] Built environment correlates of walking ... [23] The development of scales to measure social ... [24] Physical activity and its determinant factors ... [25] Predictors of physical activity based on self ... [26] Factors explaining regular physical activity ... [27] Ill-health retirement of schoolteachers ... [28] Using of social cognitive theory: predictors ... [29] Social cognitive theory correlates ... [30] Planning mediates between self-efficacy ... [31] The association of self-efficacy and parent ... [32] Application of a social cognitive model in ... [33] The effect of a social cognitive theory-based ... [34] Social cognitive determinants of exercise ... Aims Inactivity among Iranian women is higher than in Iranian men. Since teachers are exposed to occupational damages, it is necessary to consider physical activity in teachers. The Social-Cognitive Theory (SCT) is a useful framework for understanding physical activity behavior. Therefore, the present research was aimed to determine physical activity determinants in female teachers based on SCT. Instrument & Methods This analytic-cross sectional study was performed on 612 female schoolteachers of all educational levels of urban and rural areas of Rasht County using multistage random sampling in the 2019-2020 academic years. The data collection instruments included demographic information, International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, and Social Cognitive Theory Questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, I used Independent Samples t-test, Analysis of Variance, Spearman Correlation Coefficient, and Multiple Linear Regression tests in SPSS 21 software. Findings The age average of the teachers was 40.25±7.65. Of the total, 331 teachers (54.1%) had light physical activity (0-599 MET minutes/week). It observed the most direct correlation between self-efficacy (r=0.439) and exercise planning (r=0.513) with physical activity behavior.Constructs of exercise Planning (B=0.34, p=0.001) and Self-Efficacy (B=0.14, p=0.003) were the most significant predictors of physical acti...