Public transportation brings more convenience to customer in urban and rural areas. In Malaysia, awareness of using the PJ City bus by passengers in Petaling Jaya is still limited. Many passengers are still unsatisfied with the services provided because the shuttle bus is zero-priced services, so the quality of services are always questioned by access users. Therefore, this current study is to investigate the influences of value, quality and reputation of free shuttle (PJ City) bus services towards customer satisfaction. Understanding what customers expect is very important as it will help to improve the services. Data were collected from users of PJ City bus using a survey questionnaire. The finding further revealed that, value positively influenced the satisfaction of customers. So, it is important for the service provider to enhance its value to the customer.
Passive immobilisation is regarded as able to potentially cause physical distress and intense anxiety manifestations. The study aims to investigate the physiological variations of children with special health care needs while using a Papoose board and a combination of basic behaviour guidance during dental treatment. This is a randomised crossover trial involving 90 children with special health care needs receiving standard dental care with two methods of behaviour guidance sequentially. Exposure A is a combination of tell-show-do, distraction, and positive reinforcement, while exposure B is passive immobilisation with a Papoose board. The subject child’s blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation level were measured at four different times during dental treatment. In total, 74 children’s physiological data were successfully collected with a mean age of 9.85 years (SD = 2.71). Further, 64.9% of the children were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, 12.2% with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 9.5% with intellectual disability, 8.1% with Down syndrome, 2.2% with global developmental delay, and 1.1% with dyslexia and cerebral palsy, respectively. The measurement of children’s blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation level with the application of a Papoose board or a combination of the basic behaviour guidance revealed no significant changes (p > 0.05). The use of a Papoose board is safe and has no discernible influence on the child’s physiological responses.
Uncertainty of the COVID-19 outbreak serves an impact on mental health mainly among university students. This research seeks to identify the psychological impact and social support received among nursing students in UiTM Puncak Alam during COVID-19. A cross-sectional study used DASS-21 and the Impact on Social and Family Support questionnaire among 114 nursing students. Students' anxiety (2.10 ± 1.20) was higher, followed by depression (1.50 ± 0.73). Participants reported receiving substantial social support, especially from family members (1.30±0.46). In conclusion, half of the participants showed the psychological impact; however, there was an increase in social support during the COVID-19 outbreak. Keywords: psychological impact; social support; nursing students; COVID-19 eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.3060
Setting a suitable age limit of e-cigarette user should be established. This requirement considers the need for youth protection against e-cigarette misuse as such childproofing and age limits. Appropriate advertising without aiming for children to curb underage users. Advertisements could be done within sellers’ or distributors’ compound to keep vigilant control of appropriate or come of age users. Another reason for promoting e-cigarette use are to encourage smoking cessation and give information and incentives to smokers who are unable to stop to transition to less dangerous nicotine delivery methods. Addictive behaviors toward nicotine and complications from smoking e-cigarette should be warned and exposed to the public and users especially on newcomers as health warnings. Safety threshold of constituents should be complied and limit the strength of nicotine in the fluid could be done to reduce harm on users. An e-cigarette aerosol contains a variety of chemicals such as glycols, volatile organic compounds, and metals. The chemicals used have to be monitored for its safety threshold, where potential harm can be demoted. Harm causing effects of public vaping are considered for public vaping ban enforcement. While, many are opposed to the idea of vaping as medicinal treatment.
Not meeting inclusion criteria (n=) Declined to participate (n=) Other reasons (n=) Randomized to sequence(n=78) Period 1 Allocation Allocated to sequence BA (n= 45) Consent Verbal introduction to Exposure B Pre questionnaire Dental treatment using Exposure B Post questionnaire Allocated to sequence AB (n= 45) Consent Verbal introduction to Exposure A Pre questionnaire Dental treatment using Exposure A Post questionnaire Introduction of basic BMT(s) to subject parent and Pre treatment questionnaires given Introductioand Pre treatment questionnaires given Assessment Blood pressure, heart rate and SPO2 of the subject child will be measured by using Welch Allyn Connex® Vital Signs Monitor in 4 different phases: i) Baseline phase ii) Pre-Treatment phase iii) Treatment phase iv) Post treatment Washout period for 1-2 month Research design dan methodology: Research design : Randomized crossover trial , Longitudinal Focus group : New patient / children with special needs and their caregivers attending Special Care Dentistry (Paediatric) and Paediatric Dentistry Clinic UiTM Sampling : Convenient sampling method Consent : Written consent Research activities: Subjects will received two treatments (exposures) sequentially over two periods and the order in which treatments received is randomised (known as the 2×2 or AB/BA design). Exposure A is basic BGTs while exposure B is passive immobilization with PB. Basic BGTs adopted in this study are; Tell-Show-Do (TSD), Distraction (D) or Positive Reinforcement (PR).
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