This study aimed to evaluate the link between health problems, demographic factors, and the indoor environment quality of residents in Indonesia. We conducted a cross-sectional design study through a questionnaire survey with 443 respondents aged between 12 and 81 years. The questionnaire was concerned with previous health problem occurrences associated with thermal discomfort experiences, indoor environments, economic conditions, and basic anthropometric factors. Logistic regression with the odds ratio (OR) was applied to evaluate the tendency of different respondent groups to suffer from certain health problems, when compared to reference groups. Furthermore, structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to incorporate certain factors (economic conditions, thermal discomfort experiences, and perceived indoor environments) into a single model to understand their direct and indirect effects on health conditions. The results indicate that economic conditions are the most significantly associated with health problems. Furthermore, we found that the low-income group was the most vulnerable to health problems, including coughing, puking, diarrhoea, odynophagia, headaches, fatigue, rheumatism, fidgeting, skin rashes, muscle cramps, and insomnia (OR: 1.94–6.04, p <0.05). Additionally, the SEM suggested that the respondents’ economic conditions and thermal discomfort experiences had significant direct effects on their health problems with standardized estimates of -0.29 and 0.55, respectively. Additionally, perceived indoor environment quality, which is possible to cause thermal discomfort experience, indirectly affect health problems. These findings contribute an insightful and intuitive knowledge base which can aid health assessments associated with demographic and physical environments in developing sustainable and healthy environment strategies for the future.
Acceptable design by community is a significant indicator of success inclusive design and sustainable human settlement. There are many cases where programs initiated by the government to cope with specific issues or problems have failed to gather support from the community. The communities do not have a sense belonging to the design which leads to unsustainable program. The human design center (HCD) has been advocated as an approach for inclusive, participatory design in community programs. This study aims to investigate the key success of implementation of human centre design methods with Program Kampung Iklim (Proklim) Surakarta as a case study. Proklim is a national program to promote community actions to promote resilience to climate change impacts. Elaborating Human Center Design in the implementation of Proklim program in Surakarta city, the collaboration process in design is discussed, placing emphasis on how to include end-users in the development process. The study shows that the same method would not necessarily produce the same outcomes in different areas. Despite scant evidence of its effectiveness to produce acceptable design, The study reveals that four pre-conditions need to be established in using participatory design approach implemented in community programs, that are knowledgeable community leaders, informed communities, social bonding and community acceptance regarding the program. Thus, this is crucial for the government to take into consideration community leader regeneration as a regular agenda.
Kampung originally recognized as "village" in the Indonesian language, currently indicates a densely populated urban residential area where many migrants from rural areas reside. Because of the lack of urban infrastructures, poverty, and low-quality houses, people in Kampung districts are vulnerable against various health risks. The purpose of this study is to capture the current indoor thermal environment and thermal characteristics of building envelopes of low-cost dwellings in a Kampung, and to present affordable countermeasures against future climate change. Under these circumstances, a field measurement and survey were conducted in the Pasar Kliwon district, Surakarta City, by an interdisciplinary team aiming to comprehensively understand the urban and architectural conditions. In this project, the room air temperature and relative humidity of 16 dwellings were measured every 10 minutes within one week of the summer period (from the 1st to the 7th of April 2019). As a result, the observed room air temperatures have demonstrated significant differences ranged from 28.7 to 33.2 o C among dwellings owing to the diverse design, materials, and quality of buildings. The estimated thermal comfort indices based on the observation data suggest a high ratio from 23% to 30% temperature reached more than 30 o C of the total measured hours and it is evaluated as a time of thermal discomfort. Hence, there arises a necessity to improve the thermal shelter function of the envelopes.
Kampung kota is a type of Indonesian residential that is occupied by a large portion of urban dwellers. According to Pauline (1993) Kampung kota is still considered to have a social interaction habit as mutual assistance among the residences called gotong royong [1]. Despite the effort to plan the formal residential area, most kampung kota is categorized as slum and squatter areas. There are a lot of improvement programs initiated by the government to create a better kampung kota. One of the programs in Surakarta is located in neighborhood one (RW 1), Pasar Kliwon District. The residents were given temporary living space in kampung sub-communal RISHA Mojo before they were moved into the new area of Kampung Metal in Semanggi sub-district. Kampung Sub-Communal RHISA Mojo in Surakarta is a temporary housing area provided by the government to support the kampung improvement program in the residents’ old area. Living in communal housing is not directly being guaranteed with decent hygiene environment. When the COVID-19 pandemic occurred in 2020, the residents were dealing with hygiene issues. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to show how social design at Bangkit Berbarengan Project that initiated by academicians of URDC Laboratory and NGO of ARKOM Solo in Surakarta becomes a strategy to improve the environmental quality in the sub-communal area, especially in the pandemic era. Social design thinking is to keep the human need approach and in formalistic approach of design that concern more about inclusivity (Sommer, 1983)[2]. This paper will discuss the approach of the social design process that applies actor-network as a method of knowledge. The case study of the social design project creates social dynamic assemblies and engages multi-stakeholders. The social design outputs are the local campaign to advocate the resident of the COVID-19 and the public facilities designed by the residents. We used qualitative research method. We investigated the residents’ behaviors regarding their environment by conducting observation and in-depth interviews. Through this investigation, we found that the advocacy program for COVID-19 prevention can be easily accepted by the residents through the usage of a local icon. A creative activity of making public facilities that involved the residents also creates a bigger sense of belonging between them.
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